Lead and Influence Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Lead and Influence. Answer: Account Initiative is the capacity of a person to guide and impact a gathering of individuals to coordinate their work towards accomplishing a shared objective (Cummings Worley 2014). I worked in Kantar Media, as a Team Leader from April 2014 to October 2016, which expected me to take certain choices to guarantee smooth progression of exercises in the association. Kantar Media is the Data Investment Management division of WPP, one of the universes generally looked for after, data, understanding and consultancy gatherings. A group comprises of individuals, with various foundations and societies having various degrees of comprehension. In like manner, the guidelines should be explicit, so that there is no misconception with respect to the colleagues. Kantar Media invests heavily in conveying great information and administrations to assist customers with concentrating on defining procedures in a proficient and successful way (Kaufer Carley, 2012). Any deviation from the plans defined will without a doubt lead to issues and improve the odds of the quality getting traded off. I needed to deal with a group of 75 individuals, having mastery in various spaces. An issue emerged when, while handling commercials, certain individuals had totally misjudged the necessities, bringing about various results. Clearly, where weighty sums are contributed by the end customers, botches end up being expensive (Lian Tui, 2012). I had educated the customer about the issues which certain colleagues had in understanding the nec essity, in spite of giving them appropriate preparing. I guaranteed the customer, there would not be reiteration of the bumbles submitted and ensure the nature of work is maintained. This awareness of other's expectations drew thankfulness from the customer and henceforth they guaranteed full help to the ones confronting issues, through instructional meetings, to comprehend their positions better (Nongo Ikyanyon, 2012). Likewise, I had a one-on-one meeting with every individual from the group and along these lines instructional meetings was organized through skype, to clear all the questions and increment their efficiencies. The issue was activated through the messages got from the customer, with respect to the mistakes submitted by a portion of my colleagues. I needed to accept a brief choice as the companys pride was in question and the circumstance requested me to take a gander at the bigger picture and not get worried about the relationship with the colleagues. In any emergency circumstance, taking a choice would doubtlessly introduce an issue to the hero. He expected to do the exercise in careful control of keeping up the picture of the organization before the customers and furthermore ensure, that the means started by him, don't prompt contrasts among him and his colleagues. For a portion of the partners, the circumstance had set off a negative response, where they appeared to ponder on bringing down their stakes in the organization yet from a more extensive point of view, the activities had assisted with maintaining the notoriety and picture of the association. Investigation The two initiative hypotheses thought about to dissect the heroes activities are: Fiedlers Contingency Theory The general principle proposes that pioneers don't follow any set example for driving and are bound to communicate their authority, when they feel that their colleagues would act as indicated by the directions conveyed. The style followed relies upon the interior and outer conditions looked by a pioneer. Authority by following possibility hypothesis will be successful just when the pioneers take the most extreme control of any circumstance (Northouse, 2015). For this situation, the group chief needed to make brief move according to the need of great importance to spare the picture of the association. Issues may emerge however the significant thing is to perceive how a pioneer responds to the issues. Conduct Theory Behavioral hypothesis thinks about that the capacities of the pioneer can be gained from various circumstances, than being inalienable in a person. This fits fine with the sort of activities taken by the pioneer, where he has gained the nature of being proactive and comprehend the requirements of specific circumstances. The valid statements about the authority conduct depicted, can be summed up by saying that the pioneer had command over the circumstance, which empowered a free progression of correspondence between the colleagues and the customer to overcome any issues of understanding the obligations and duties. This guaranteed the efficiencies of the workers arrived at another level (Samad, 2015). The terrible parts of the administration style is that, the choices taken by a group head, without talking with the task chief may appear to give an inclination, as though he is disregarding the situation of venture supervisor. In addition, talking with the colleagues isn't considered as a practical choice by the pioneer on the grounds that the circumstance requested brief activity without burning through much time yet the individuals may feel outraged for not being included for conversation before the group head had advanced towards the ideal activity (Schaubroeck et.al., 2012). The colleagues may contrast the possibility style of authority and the totalitarian administration style, decipher the pioneers activity adversely. The choice taken by the group chief in the situation talked about was a decent one. The explanation is, emergency circumstances need cautious investigation as well as alongside it, brief activity is an unquestionable requirement. Genuine embodiment of a pioneer turns out in the midst of misery (Tannenbaum, Weschler Massarik, 2013). The genuine test for a pioneer emerges when things don't go as indicated by the set plans and methods. In this circumstance, primary thought process behind the pioneers activity is to spare the picture of the association and furthermore furnish the customer with much required lucidity on the efficiencies of the representatives. The outer condition is the picture of the association, before the customer. Mix-ups submitted by the colleagues require a pioneer to observe and make the important changes in accordance with assume full responsibility for the circumstance. Inside condition alludes to the effect which choices of the pioneer, has on the colleagues and others identified with the venture. Acknowledgment of the issue and the proactive advances taken to redress them had brought the associations picture up before the partners. The activities caused them to accept that Kantar Media can rescue themselves of any sort of difficulty by looking after straightforwardness In this way, the reason for a pioneer isn't just to lead yet additionally impact the individuals liable for the smooth working of an association. A pioneer must be effective in his job, when he can anticipate and take fitting activities for keeping up the picture and notoriety of the organization, if there should be an occurrence of any pain. He needs to take a gander at the bigger picture and act as needs be, without getting worried about, how his colleagues would respond or whether his relationship with the colleagues would be influenced. References Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization turn of events and change. Cengage learning. Kaufer, D. S., Carley, K. M. (2012).Communication a ways off: The impact of print on sociocultural association and change. Routledge. Lian, L. K., Tui, L. G. (2012). Initiative styles and hierarchical citizenship conduct: The intervening impact of subordinates' ability and descending impact tactics.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,13(2), 59. Nongo, E. S., Ikyanyon, D. N. (2012). The impact of corporate culture on representative pledge to the organization.International Journal of Business and Management,7(22), 21. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage distributions. Samad, S. (2012). The impact of development and transformational authority on authoritative performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,57, 486-493. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Inserting moral authority inside and across association levels.Academy ofManagement Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I., Massarik, F. (2013).Leadership and association. Routledge.

Global Warming and Human Actions Research Paper

A worldwide temperature alteration and Human Actions - Research Paper Example The sun discharges vitality to the climate in type of radiations and a few researchers contend that around 33% of the vitality discharged by the sun to the earth are reflected to the space after hitting the earth’s surface (Houghton, 1997). The rest of the bit of sunlight based vitality discharged to the earth is consumed by the seas and land. Thus, the outside of the earth gets warmed and turns out to be warm, discharging infrared proportions, which are considered as long-wave. The ozone harming substances in the environment tap some portion of the long-wave radiations, prompting the warming of the air. The gases that normally happen as ozone harming substances comprise of methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water fume, and carbon dioxide. Together, these gases structure a characteristic nursery, which progressively warms the Earth (Maslin, 2006). Researchers have estimated and are progressively investigating on the commitment of the sun powered vitality output’s variety an d its conceivable reason in expanding the earth’s temperature (Harding, n.d). Notwithstanding, there is an expanded accord on the pretended by individuals in expanding the issue of an Earth-wide temperature boost. Logical analysts have finished up progressively that an Earth-wide temperature boost is in a general sense connected to the rising degree of ozone depleting substances in the air, for the most part methane, and carbon dioxide, because of non-renewable energy source ignition, cultivating, deforestation, and mechanical exercises by people. This paper fundamentally investigates whether a worldwide temperature alteration is because of human activities or not and if there is a chance of humankind taking activities to stop the impacts of an unnatural weather change or not. Is Global Warming Due Do Human Actions? An unnatural weather change Not Because of the Human Actions The inquiry whether the activities of individuals contribute towards a dangerous atmospheric devation has for quite some time been a discussion by the researchers with others invalidating the declaration while others recognize it as a reality. Fellow Callender, in 1938, set up that the patterns in an unnatural weather change added to the 10% ascent in the degree of climatic carbon dioxide because of burning of petroleum products. In any case, a few researchers discarded the recommended discoveries of Callender contending that a lot of carbon dioxide gas that people transmit are disintegrated securely in seas. Afterward, Roger Revelle, and Hans Suess scattered this way of thinking by finding that there was a perplexing substance buffering framework forestalling the ocean water from retaining enormous volumes of climatic carbon dioxide. From that point forward, the capability of people adding to an Earth-wide temperature boost was raised (Harding, n.d). People ought not be accused for the ever-expanding levels of an Earth-wide temperature boost. The expansion in barometrical temperat ures might be credited to the more vivacious sun powered energy’s yield. An area of researchers investigating on the reasons for a worldwide temperature alteration have proposed that the sun oriented movement have expanded quickly over the previous decades just as the measure of carbon dioxide from the volcanic discharges, and this may have possibly added to the expanded measure of ozone harming substances in the environment prompting an ascent in a dangerous atmospheric devation (Harding, n.d). As per the hypothesis on sun based variety, researchers affirm that the sun is persistently picking up quality and accordingly it is as the most grounded point when contrasted with the previous years. The expanded measure of radiation from the sun is consequently speculated as the contributing variable toward the expanding an unnatural weather change wonder. The measure of brilliant vitality that the sun discharges

Journaling Topics for Eating Disorders

Journaling Topics for Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Treatment Print Journaling Topics for Eating Disorders By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on January 26, 2020 Rachel Goldman, PhD FTOS is a licensed psychologist, clinical assistant professor, speaker, wellness expert specializing in weight management and eating behaviors.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS Updated on February 18, 2020 istockphoto More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Many people enjoy and find writing or journaling to be a therapeutic endeavor. It allows a person to organize thoughts and feelings and to express them in a safe way. It can also allow a person to think through decisions and/or changes that they want to make in their lives. As such, many therapists and mental health professionals recommend journaling to their clients. People with eating disorders  are no different, and may also find journaling to be helpful.? Journaling is often simply an outpouring of whatever thoughts and feelings the person is experiencing that day. However, tackling specific topics such as those listed here can help address specific issues or break through a case of writer’s block.   Topics for Writing About Your Recovery Write a ‘goodbye letter’ to your eating disorder.  A ‘goodbye letter’ to an eating disorder is a popular assignment among many therapists and can be an important piece of recovery when the person writing it is truly committed to it.  This type of letter might include things about your eating disorder that you have liked or enjoyed (such as a sense of control or temporary anxiety relief) as well as a listing of negative things about the eating disorder.  It might also detail the goals of recovery and the person’s plan for achieving them (attending therapy, entering a residential program, etc). Make a pros and cons list about your eating disorder.  The decision to enter treatment and to commit to recovery from an eating disorder can be a difficult and scary one. Sometimes sufferers aren’t even sure that they want to change at all.  Making lists of the pros and cons of an eating disorder as well as the pros and cons of committing to recovery can help to sort that out.  Ask yourself about the things that the eating disorder has given you and what it has taken away.  Be honest about both lists.  If it is difficult to think of things you can also add to the lists at a later date as well. Write about what your life would look like without an eating disorder.  Another way to tackle fears about recovery is to think about how different your life would be without the eating disorder. How would meals be different?  Would you have more self-confidence or be less depressed and/or anxious?  How would relationships be different?  Would you have more time for hobbies and other enjoyable activities?  Would you feel better physically?  Allow yourself to dream a little about an ED-free life. Write down your eating disorder thoughts vs. the truth.  People struggling with eating disorders typically struggle with distorted or incorrect thoughts regarding their self-worth, weight, and food.  One way to change these thoughts is to acknowledge them as being ‘eating disorder thoughts’ and to write them down alongside the truth.  For example, an eating disorder thought might be that “If I gain weight, my self-worth goes down.”  The truth is that our self-worth is not determined by our weight.  This is a journal topic that might be ongoing until you are able to recognize distorted thoughts and correct them quickly and easily. Write about a slip or relapse and how it could go differently next time.  Slips and relapses are part of a normal recovery from an eating disorder.  It is important to learn from slips and relapses though and journaling can help you to do that.  It is important not only to write about the slip itself  but also about what happened beforehand and what you can do differently going forward.  Ask yourself: What triggered the slip? Is there a different way you can respond to this trigger next time. If you are currently in therapy, your therapist can also likely give you topic ideas that are specific to your situation and experience.  You may also want to talk to your therapist about journaling and any difficult thoughts or emotions that come up as part of the process as well. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Government Involvement in the American Economy

As Christopher Conte and Albert R. Karr have noted in  their book,Outline of the U.S. Economy,  the level of government involvement in the American economy has been anything but static. From the 1800s to today, government programs and other interventions in the private sector have changed depending on the political and economic attitudes of the time. Gradually, the governments totally hands-off approach evolved into closer ties between the two entities.   Laissez-Faire to Government Regulation In the early years of American history, most political leaders were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of transportation. In general, they accepted the concept of laissez-faire, a doctrine opposing government interference in the economy except to maintain law and order. This attitude started to change during the latter part of the 19th-century, when small business, farm and labor movements began asking the government to intercede on their behalf. By the turn of the century, a middle class had developed that was leery of both the business elite and the somewhat radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West. Known as Progressives, these people favored government regulation of business practices to ensure competition and free enterprise. They also fought corruption in the public sector. Progressive Years Congress enacted a law regulating railroads in 1887 (the Interstate Commerce Act), and one preventing large firms from controlling a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act). These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920. These years were when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909), Democratic President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power. Many of todays U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission. New Deal and Its Lasting Impact Government involvement in the economy increased most significantly during the New Deal of the 1930s. The 1929 stock market crash had initiated the most serious economic dislocation in the nations history, the Great Depression (1929-1940). President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) launched the New Deal to alleviate the emergency. Many of the most important laws and institutions that define Americans modern economy can be traced to the New Deal era. New Deal legislation extended federal authority in banking, agriculture and public welfare. It established minimum standards for wages and hours on the job, and it served as a catalyst for the expansion of labor unions in such industries as steel, automobiles, and rubber. Programs and agencies that today seem indispensable to the operation of the countrys modern economy were created: the Securities and Exchange Commission, which regulates the stock market; the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which guarantees bank deposits; and, perhaps most notably, the Social Security system, which provides pensions to the elderly based on contributions they made when they were part of the workforce. During World War II New Deal leaders flirted with the idea of building closer ties between business and government, but some of these efforts did not survive past World War II. The National Industrial Recovery Act, a short-lived New Deal program, sought to encourage business leaders and workers, with government supervision, to resolve conflicts and thereby increase productivity and efficiency. While America never took the turn to fascism that similar business-labor-government arrangements did in Germany and Italy, the New Deal initiatives did point to a new sharing of power among these three key economic players. This confluence of power grew even more during the war, as the U.S. government intervened extensively in the economy. The War Production Board coordinated the nations productive capabilities so that military priorities would be met. Converted consumer-products plants filled many military orders. Automakers built tanks and aircraft, for example, making the United States the arsenal of democracy. In an effort to prevent rising national income and scarce consumer products from causing inflation, the newly created Office of Price Administration controlled rents on some dwellings, rationed consumer items ranging from sugar to gasoline and otherwise tried to restrain price increases.

Training and Development in Small Businesses Free Essay Example, 1250 words

When training programmes do not mirror the aspirations or requirements of small businesses, which most often is the case, many employers are reluctant to train their employees. There is the fear that employees may leave the organisation after undergoing training without any benefit whatsoever to the firm. Such aspects need to be addressed and the benefits accruing from the training should be spelt out at the outset. Trainer s PerceptionThe trainer should discuss the needs of the business concerned well in advance. He/She should also study the specific requirements of every employee undergoing the training. If diverse skills are required, the expertise of trainers with domain knowledge should be called for. No training can be successful if the initiator is not clear about the requirements of his/her target audience. Trainee s AwarenessIt is advisable to make the employee a stakeholder in the training process. It is the trainee who has deep insights of the activity performed and can p rovide accurate information on the type of training required by him/her. In such a case, he/she feels responsible for the training undergone as the onus of the success of the programme falls equally on him/her. OthersIn some cases, the situation may lapse back to the pre-training period. We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Development in Small Businesses or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Consumer Attitude Toward Green Marketing Free Essays

string(24) " has just kick started\." LITERATURE REVIEW Some literatures were reviewed in the course of this study. These include the previous researches which are as: 1. Sourabh Bhattacharya (2011) conducted research on â€Å"Consumer Attitude Towards Green Marketing In India†. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Attitude Toward Green Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to him, Marketing is the process which begins with identifying the needs of the consumer and further includes product development, delivering products to the consumer and providing after sales service. The conventional marketing process is not specifically concerned or bothered about environmental safety. The contemporary green marketing concept, on the other hand, analyzes, ecological compatibility of the product. It emphasizes on the formulation of marketing strategies in conformation with environmental safety or protection. Conventional marketing paid little attention to the pollution caused to the environment from the actual usage of the products, the raw materials used in manufacturing or from the packaging materials used. Conventional marketing concentrated on profit taking, while green marketing maintains the philosophy that doing business for a longer period is not possible without protecting the environmental. He concluded that the green marketers in India should carry out heavy promotional campaigns, because a majority of the Indian consumers are not sure about the quality of the green products. They are indecisive whether to pay premium for purchasing green products. They are highly suspicious regarding the real greenness of the eco-friendly products and tend to search for more information before buying. All these have a negative impact on the success of green marketing in India. Therefore, the green marketers must do heavy promotion, so that the target customers are convinced about the qualitative aspects of the green products. This is very important as the Indian consumers are in general price-sensitive and green products are costlier. If they are not convinced with the quality of the green products, they remain suspicious and will not be willing to pay premium. 2. Meenakshi Verma Anuj Verma (2011) conducted research on â€Å"Green Marketing-Strategy Scope Of Growth In Indian Market†, According to him, Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environ mentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production rocess, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. Green products balance environmental compatibility with performance, affordability, and convenience. They are typically durable, non-toxic, recyclable, and are often made from recycled materials. Green products have minimal packaging, and should carry low environmental impact. Green marketing not only focuses on advertisements and promotion of products with environmental characteristics, but it pervades all the activities of designing, production, packaging and promoting greener products. Green marketing thrives of the underlying philosophy ‘Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It was concluded that as the demand for green products undoubtedly exist in growing economies, Green marketing provides an opportunity to the companies to increase their market-share by introducing eco-friendly products. Stricter environmental regulations across the world, growing consumer preference for eco-friendly companies, and the inherent cost advantages in lowering toxic waste are encouraging industries big and small to clean up. The research has revealed that awareness level among the consumers is pretty high and they are willing to adopt green products. However, the manufacturers need to improve the quality of the product and its after sales service. The consumers are concerned about the global warming and majority of them believe that green products shall help in reducing this cause however they are not overly committed to improving their environment and may be looking to lay too much responsibility on industry and government. Though it’s the responsibility of the firm to produce products, which are having minimum impact on the environment, but ultimately it’s the consumer who is having responsibility to use eco-friendly products. 3. Dr. Priyank Azad (2011) wrote an article â€Å"Green Marketing: The Innovative Mantra of Marketing†. This article discusses the notion of green marketing, its initiatives, challenges and probable strategies as conclusion. The mounting awareness about/on disturbed ecological balance and environmental consciousness has changed the behavioral patterns both in the individuals and business across the world. The apprehension towards global warming, harmful pollutants, non-biodegradable sold waste has sharply risen in the past decade. Now is the time of recyclable, non-toxic and environment-friendly green products that can help in preserving our nvironment and keeping it healthier. This has led the marketers to take a shift in practices and incorporates the concept of ‘Think Green’. The term ‘sustainability’ has become the keyword of this competitive era. As the resources are scarce and human wants are infinite, this broadening gap has augmented the interest amo ng the consumers all over the world regarding fortification of environment. This increasing awareness and environmental consciousness has transformed the behavioral blueprints both in individuals and businesses. Now there is an era of recyclable, non-toxic and environment responsive green goods. This led to green marketing which speaks of mounting market for sustainable and socially accountable products and services. It contains a wide range of tasks such as product adjustment, transforming the production process, changed advertising, modifications in packaging, etc. , that aims at reducing the harmful impact of products and their consumption and disposal on the environment. Despite this world awareness, there are numerous potential challenges and issues that are required to be surmounted. . Andrew Franklin Prince, Reuban Jacob and Jerrin M Philipose (2011) conducted a study on â€Å"Green Marketing: Recaliberation and Disposal of Exhausted Product Earns for Itself†. In this era of technologically-advanced educated world, products developed considering ecological aspects have more mileage than the regular products. Consumers’ awareness of proper disposal of exhausted products i s need of the hour. The products demanded by the customers could be recaliberated to be used further as homogeneous or differentiated products. Meanwhile, the products which cross the bar of recaliberation could be disposed by the manufacturer. However, product disposal, is yet to find a prominent ground in India. The culture of corporate organizations trying to bag the sensible customers by providing the right kind of product with a tag line of ‘eco-friendly’, has just kick started. You read "Consumer Attitude Toward Green Marketing" in category "Essay examples" At this juncture one may think, is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) a good initiative only in papers? It was concluded that the strategy could bring revelation in the market. It is high time that we emphasize on the concept that â€Å"marketing begins and ends with manufacturer†. This however would need the background support of customers as well as policy makers for the effective implementation of the strategy. The flow of demand is expected to develop the customers’ buying preference for particular manufacturers who are following this strategy. Brand building effort could also be practiced to the maximum. The era of green market could be enhanced to the utmost. The waste in the Mother Nature will be minimized in the coming era, which shall provide better products for the better customers. Thus, providing recaliberation and disposal will earn itself for the company. 5. Deeksha Dave Kartik Dave (2011) conducted a study on â€Å"Environmental Management Practices In The Hospitality Industry†. With their massive resource consumption and waste generation, big hotels quite literall function and pollute like a mini city. Hotels consume resources like energy, water, food, paper and pollute the environment in the form of smoke, noise and chemical pollutants. Keeping the above issues in view, the industry has come forward to save the environment and is playing a major role in environment protection by developing awareness and adopting environmental friendly practices. Since hotels occupy a central place in the tourism industry and its development does impact the environment considerably, it is believed that hotels should be more proactive in their managerial response concerning environmental performance. Keeping this in mind the study explores the environmental management practices among hotels operating in Udaipur. The results have shown that although hotel companies are concerned with environmental management issues, many are not proactive enough in their responses and prefer to only take management initiatives that have considerable financial benefits for their business. Focus has been mainly on cost-cutting management measures such as minimizing energy use and water conservation as this contributes directly towards a hotel’s profitability. 6. Dr. Ashish Chandra, Anoop Pandey and Navneet Kaur(2010) conducted a research on â€Å"Green Marketing: A tool to combat Environmental Challenges†. In this paper, the authors had taken a little attempt to academically examine environmental and green marketing issues and gray areas. This article introduces the terms and concepts of green marketing, briefly discuss why going green is important and also examine some of the reasons that organizatios are adopting a green marketing philosophy. He concluded that a successful marketer is one, who not only convinces the consumer, but also involves the consumer in marketing his products and delivering the services. Green marketing should not be considered as just one more approach to marketing, but has to be pursued with much greater vigor, as it has an environmental and social dimension to it. With the threat of global warming looming large, it is extremely important that green marketing becomes the norm rather than an exception or just a fad. Recycling of paper, metals, plastics, etc. , in a safe and environmentally harmless manner should become much more systematized and universal. It has to become the general norm to use energy-efficient lamps and other electrical goods. 7. Sunita Dahiya, Dr. Amita Charan Vijay Kumar (2010) conducted a research on â€Å"Green Marketing, Emission Trading and Carbon Crediting In India†. Changing trade pattern, global recession, financial crisis, stock fluctuations, corporate governance, corporate laws, and many other upcoming global challenges are truly difficult to manage for corporate, environmentalists, economists, experts, manufacturers and even administrators at the top. Ecologists, economists and financial planners are continuously debating for global sustainable development and steady economic growth. Most of the intellectuals and eminent personalities are releasing it is a right time to become â€Å"Globally Green† and protect environment by reducing pollution and emission. It was concluded that green marketing covers more issues than a firm’s marketing practices only. Green marketing is a requirement for our survival on this earth. India can set standards for others to lead in the area of carbon crediting and trading. From decades we are exploiting natural resources but now because of natural calamities: like global warming, Acidic rains, Tsunami, Earthquakes, floods, Drought and green house gases, we are realizing importance of green marketing. Globally there are number of environmental trading markets as have been explained above which provide for balance in period of environment and effect corporate competitiveness and profitability in terms of standards and final finished products. 8. Oyewole, P. (2001). Social Costs of Environmental Justice Associated with the Practice of Green Marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 29(3), Feb, pp. 239-252. This paper presents a conceptual link among green marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argues for greater awareness of environmental justice in the practice for green marketing. In contrast with the type of costs commonly discussed in the literature, the paper identified another type of costs, termed ‘costs with positive results,’ that may be associated with the presence of environmental justice in green marketing. A research agenda is finally suggested to determine consumers’ awareness of environmental justice, and their willingness to bear the costs associated with it. 9. Merilanen, S. , Moisander, J. Personen, S. (2000). The Masculine Mindset of Environmental Management and Green Marketing. Business Strategy and the Environment, 9(3), pp. 51-162. Environmental management systems and green marketing programmes have gained increasing popularity in western market economies. They are viewed as cost-efficient, effective and just means of tackling problems associated with the impact of economic activity on the environment. It is argued in this article, however, that these optimistic views are based on a number of ideas, images and metaphors that retain many androcentric and inadequate assumptions about self, society and nature that may be incompatible with long-term environmental protection goals. 0. Prothero, A. Fitchett, J. A. (2000). Greening Capitalism: Opportunities for Green Community. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(1), pp. 46-56. In this paper, the authors argue that greater ecological enlightenment can be secured through capitalism by using the characteristics of commodity culture to further progress environmental goals. The authors reject both naive ecological romanticism and revolutionary idealism on the grounds that they fail to offer any pragmatic basis by which greater environmental responsibility can be achieved. Drawing on the now well-established theoretical tradition of post-Marxist cultural criticism, the authors offer a conceptual justification for the development and implementation of a green commodity discourse. For this to be achieved and implemented, prevailing paradigms regarding the structure, nature, and characteristics of capitalism must be revised. Marketing not only has the potential to contribute to the establishment of more sustainable forms of society but, as a principle agent in the operation and proliferation of commodity discourse, also has a considerable responsibility to do so. 11. Prothero, A. (1998). Green Marketing: The ‘Fad’ That Won’t Slip Slide Away. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 507-513. The author introduces several papers discussed in the July 1998 issue of ‘Journal of Marketing Management’ focusing on green marketing. This includes; a citation of the need to review existing literature on green marketing, an empirical study of United States and Australian marketing managers, a description of what a green alliance look like in practice in Great Britain, ecotourism and definitions of green marketing. 12. Kilbourne, W. E. Beckman, S. C. (1998). Review and Critical Assessment of Research on Marketing and the Environment. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 513-533. This paper provides a review and categorization of the environmentally related research published in the major English language marketing journals over the period from 1971 to 1997. It traces the development from the early research which focused predominantly on the characterization of the â€Å"green† consumer, conceptualization of environmental consciousness, environmentally related behaviours such as recycling, and attitudes towards environmental problems such as pollution. This was followed by a period in which energy conservation, legislation, and public policy issues were added to the agenda which remained predominantly managerialist in perspective. While the same issues were studied within the 1990s, the research agenda was expanded again to include broader issues such as environmental values and institutions. Most recently, the macro issues of sustainable marketing and its relationship to the dominant social paradigm have been introduced into the literature. The paper concludes by arguing that the examination of the macro issues from an interdisciplinary perspective is necessary for further development of marketing thought in this area, and that a synthesis of the macro and micro perspectives is necessary for effective and enduring public policy regarding the marketing/environmental relationship. 13. Walker, R. H. Hanson, D. J. (1998). Green Marketing and Green Places: A Taxonomy for the Destination Marketer. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 623-640. This paper highlights and discusses green/environmental implications and imperatives associated with destination marketing as distinct from those related to product and services marketing. A comparative taxonomy has been developed to illustrate these, and to provide a framework for discussing their relevance, with reference to the particular case of Tasmania as a tourism destination. \ 14. Kilbourne, W. E. (1998). Green Marketing: A Theoretical Perspective. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 641-656. The author discusses the failure of green marketing to move beyond the limitations of the prevailing paradigm. While there are nascent macro developments in marketing thought that might lead to a truly green marketing considering sustainability, holistic thought, and the limitations of the prevailing paradigm, they remain thus far on the periphery of the discipline. This will remain so until a broader, multi-disciplinary approach incorporating the multiple dimensions of the DSP is developed. The author identifies areas that must be examined for their effect in the marketing/environment relationship, namely economic, political and technological dimensions of the cultural frame of reference. 5. .Fisk, G. (1998). Green Marketing: Multiplier for Appropriate Technology Transfer? Journal of Marketing Management, 14(6), July, pp. 657-677. The effectiveness of â€Å"reward and reinforcement† strategy used in marketing activity is compared to a strategy of â€Å"mutual coercion mutually agreed upon† as a means for accelerating acceptance of environmentally appropriate production and cons umption technologies. The risk and reward consequences of green marketing tactics are traced to identify their implications in pursuing globally sustainable development. Together, reward and reinforcement strategies and coercive regulatory activities are more promising for attaining sustainable development than either one alone. 16. Grove, S. J. Fisk, R. P. (1996). Going green in the Service Sector. European Journal of Marketing, 30(5), pp. 56-67. The authors attempted to bring attention to the general and pervasive exclusion of service industries from discussions of green marketing practices. They explore why circumstance may exist, and provided arguments to support the adoption of environmental practices by services providers. Also in trying to identify how the service sector can contribute to the preservation of the environment, a greening of services matrix was presented. This matrix was designed to demonstrate through hypothetical examples the many ways that service industries can reduce, reuse or recycle resources, either collectively or individually, and thereby embrace the green initiative. Finally, the authors submitted a total quality/ benchmarking approach as a means by which services organizations may adopt environmental practices. 17. Menon and Menon (1997) Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed particular import in the modern market. This concept has enabled for the re-marketing and packaging of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Additionally, the development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co-brand their products into separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. Such marketing techniques as will be explained are as a direct result of movement in the minds of the consumer market. As a result of this businesses have increased their rate of targeting consumers who are concerned about the environment. These same consumers through their concern are interested in integrating environmental issues into their purchasing decisions through their incorporation into the process and content of the marketing strategy for whatever product may be required. 18. Banerjee, S. , Gulas, C. S. and Iyer E. (1995). Shades of green: A multidimensional analysis of environmental advertising. Journal of Advertising, 24(2), 21-32. This paper discusses how businesses have increased their rate of targeting green consumers, those who are concerned about the environment and allow it to affect their purchasing decisions. The paper identifies the three particular segments of green consumers and explores the opportunities businesses have with green marketing. The paper also examines the message of green marketing and describes the deceit of ‘green washing’. The paper considers three green campaigns of the New Leaf Paper Company, the Courier Corporation and Clorox bleach and concludes that green marketing is something that will continuously grow in both practice and demand. How to cite Consumer Attitude Toward Green Marketing, Essay examples

Mrs Dalloway Essays (6014 words) - English-language Films

Mrs Dalloway While writing and revising Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf was corresponding with E.M. Forster, who was working on A Passage to India. In September of 1921, she records in her diary: ``A letter from Morgan [Forster] this morning. He seems as critical of the East as of Bloomsbury, she read it and noted, ``Morgan is too restrained in his new book perhaps'' (Diary 2.304). A note of the Anglo-Indian society that dominates A Passage to India resonates in Mrs. Dalloway's background, sounded in part by returning Indian traveler, Peter Walsh, but also heard and overheard in conversations and oblique references scattered throughout the narrative. Reinforcing its literal presence in the novel, an echo of India appears in Mrs. Dalloway's narrative rhythms. Like the intricate percussion of the Indian tabla, the fabric of Woolf's narrative comprises a polyrhythmic texture that subtly undermines London's booming metronome: Big Ben. The beautiful and complex narrative of Mrs. Dalloway seems to defy readers' powers of description. David Dowling's Mapping Streams of Consciousness exemplifies a sense one must ``reconstruct'' the text in order to understand it. In a section entitled ``A Reading,'' Dowling dissects the novel into neat structural packages so the reader can easily study its anatomy. He includes maps of London showing various characters' movements and intersections, an hourly chronology of the day of Clarissa's party, character sketches condensed from details scattered in the text, and, in the appendix, a kind of ``miniature concordance'' that provides counts for some 32 words (``India'' appears 25 times). Other studies of Mrs. Dalloway are less detailed but serve as well to illustrate the difficulties of describing its narrative patterns. In ``Metaphor, Metonymy, and Ideology: Language and Perception in Mrs. Dalloway,'': Teresa L. Ebert discusses binary structures--``counterpointing...visions'' (Ebert 152)--in the novel's language. Building on Nancy Topping Bazin's Virginia Woolf and the Androgynous Vision, she explores how female and male polarities in the text are resolved in images of androgyny. Instead of metaphor and metonymy, Caroline Webb examines the ``anti-allegorical'' nature of the text (Webb 279). In ``Life After Death: The Allegorical Progress of Mrs. Dalloway,'' she argues that the narrative invites us to look for a ``hidden story,'' but ultimately frustrates our expectations (Webb 279). Focussing on the narrator as a specifically created presence in the work, Sharon Stockton refers to classical physics and phenomenology to show Woolf ``deconstructing the conventions of authoritarian representation'' (Stockton, ``Turbulence in the Text: Narrative Complexity in Mrs. Dalloway'' 51). The novel's narrative has also been described specifically in terms of its metrical effects. In ```On the Floor of the Mind': Sentence Shape and Rhythm in Mrs. Dalloway,'' Elizabeth Dodd explicates the poetic qualities of Woolf's prose. She not only points out relationships between sentence rhythm and specific characters' thought patterns, she also shows that Woolf turned to poetry for literary inspiration while revising Mrs. Dalloway. Calling the reader's attention to Woolf's June 21, 1924 diary entry--the same one in which Woolf commented on Forster's A Passage to India (above)--Dodd shows the extent to which poetry was on the writer's mind: ``I think I grow more & more poetic'' (Diary 2.304). Undoubtedly, poetry does inform Woolf's work, and Dodd's argument to that effect is convincing. While the sentences in Mrs. Dalloway are metrical, however, ``poetic'' alone does not encompass the full rhythmic force of the narrative. Ebert's term ``counterpoint'' and Stockton's metaphor of ``turbulence'' both evoke kinds of rhythmic structures as well, but in very different contexts. Indeed, Woolf consciously draws influence across diverse media in her quest to ``[throw] away the method...in use at the moment'' (Woolf, ``Character in Fiction'' 432). Robin Gail Schulze points to Woolf's use of tonal music to show how she breaks with literary tradition in her novels, but she concludes that ``Mrs. Dalloway, by Woolf's definition, remains a conventional novel'' (Schulze 8). I suggest, however, that Mrs. Dalloway's chronology, the poetic meter of its sentences, its turbulence and counterpoint, are all vectors in the intricate matrix of its polyrhythmic structure. Borrowed from the field of musicology, ``polyrhythmic'' describes a percussive structure unfamiliar to many Westerners. Because it