Cause and Effect Essay: Causes of Flood Essay

There are many calamities that we experience like storm, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The most common calamities that our country faces are storms and floods. According to PAGASA, flood is a natural hydrological phenomenon. The purpose of this essay is to enumerate and explain the causes of flood, which are tropical storms, global warming and tsunamis. One of the causes of flood are tropical storms. According to the Forces of Nature website, storms get water from oceans and bring it towards land. Streams and rivers sometimes cannot handle the heavy rain so water overflows and produces flood. One of the reasons why we experience flood is ineffective drainage. Most drainage systems in the country cannot handle the amount of water because they are blocked due to the trashes of people throw on sidewalks. Two examples of storms that caused flood were Hurricane Camille in 1969 in Virginia and the recent Typhoon Ondoy. The second cause of flood is Global Warming. According to the Forces of Nature website, Global Warming is the heat trapped in the earth’s atmosphere which slowly warms the earth. Global warming heats water from oceans and seas. It helps the water to evaporate faster. When a big amount of water vapor is in the atmosphere, it forms storms that causes flood on land. When the temperature of the earth increases, ice from the north and south pole would melt and it will cause the rising of the sea levels. If the seas levels rise, seas will overflow and it will cause flood on coastal areas. The third cause of flood is tsunamis. According to the Forces of Nature website, one cause of tsunamis are high winds. High winds create waves that would hit beaches and shores. According to PAGASA, another cause of tsunamis are seismic activities. Examples are underwater volcanoes and earthquakes. When underwater volcanoes erupt or when earthquakes occur, they form tsunamis. Tsunamis are dangerous because they hit land with high speeds. Furthermore, as they approach the land, it slows down and gains height. There are many causes of flood. Three of them are tropical storms, global warming and tsunamis. Some of the causes are natural but some are man-made  like global warming. To avoid flood, we should throw our trashes in the right places to avoid the blocking of drainage and stop pollution in order to prevent worsening of global warming References: Flooding: Causes of Flood. Retrieved November 23, 2009, from Forces of Nature website: http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/flooding/causesoffloods.shtml Causes and Types of Floods. Retrieved November 23, 2009, from PAGASA website: http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/genmet/floods/cause_types.html Reflection: For me, it was not hard to write this essay because I used references. I only need to paraphrase the information and place it into my essay. I am satisfied with the outcome because the information in my essay is more reliable because I based it on the references I found. To improve my essay, I could research more on my topic to get more information.

Fin 571 Week 4

Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario There are three alternatives available to the Guillermo’s Furniture Store. One is they can keep the current position or they can become broker or make it high-tech. Therefore, Guillermo’s furniture store can divide the project into current project, High tech project and the broker project. Guillermo’s furniture store needs to select the option which is good for them and can provide competitive advantage to the store. It has been clear that managers are responsible for the use of capital budgeting techniques to find out exclusive project. We have different types of capital budgeting techniques. These capital budgeting techniques are: 1-Simple Payback, and/or Discounted Payback 2-Net Present Value (NPV) 3-Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) The simple payback period: â€Å"We can define the simple payback period as the expected number of years required to recover the original investment by Guillermo’s Furniture Store† (Brown, et. al, (2006), i. e. if the store has invested $300 millions in its project, then how much time it will take to recover its invested amount. Payback period is the first formal method used to evaluate capital budgeting projects. Here is the payback period for Guillermo’s Furniture Store. The cumulative cash flow of Guillermo’s Furniture store at t = 0 is just the initial cost of -$300,000. At Year 1 the cumulative cash flow is the previous cumulative of $300,000 plus the Year 1 cash flow of $500: -$300,000 + $42,573=-$257,427. Similarly, the cumulative for Year 2 is the previous cumulative of -$257,427 plus the Year 2 inflow of $42,573, resulting in –$214,854. We see that by the end of Year 7 the cumulative inflows have more than recovered the initial outflow. Thus, the payback occurred during the third year. If the $40,584 of inflows comes in evenly during Year 3, then the exact payback period can be found as follows: pic] Applying the same procedure to Project High-Tech and Broker, we find Payback period for them is 1. 53 years and 5. 89 years respectively. It is known that the shorter the payback period, the better. As the projects are mutually exclusive, Project High-tech would be accepted but Project current would be rejected. If the projects were mutually exclusive, High-tech would be ranked over Broker and Current because High-Tech has the shorter payback. Mutually exclusive project means that if one project is taken on, the other must be rejected (Brigham, 2004). Discounted Payback Period: In the real world firms use a variant of the regular payback, the discounted payback period, which is similar to the regular payback period except that the expected cash flows are discounted by the project’s cost of capital (WACC). So we can say that the discounted payback period uses the time value of money in its decision. Here, the discounted payback period is defined as the number of years required to recover the investment from discounted net cash flows generated from the project. If we look at the values of discounted cash flows we can find that the discounted payback period for Current project is 9. years whereas High-Tech and Broker project 1. 4 year and 8. 1 years respectively For Projects Current, High-Tech and Broker, project High-Tech ranked higher as compared to the others (Brigham, 2004). Payback Vs Discounted Payback: We can also says, that a payback is a type of â€Å"breakeven† calculation in the sense that if cash flows come in at the expected rate unt il the payback year, then the project will break even for that year. Here the simple payback period doesn’t consider the cost of capital whereas the discounted payback does consider capital costs it shows the breakeven year after covering debt and equity costs. The biggest drawback of both the payback and discounted payback methods is that they ignore cash flows that are paid or received after the payback period of the project. For example, suppose Project High-Tech had an additional cash flow at Year 5 then the discounted and simple payback period will ignore these values. In real live project with more cash flow after the pay back period would be more valuable than Project with no cash flow, yet its payback and discounted payback make it look worse. This is the reason, the shorter the payback period, other things held constant, the greater the project’s liquidity. Apart from this, since cash flows expected in the distant future are generally riskier than near-term cash flows, the payback is often used as an indicator of a project’s riskiness because the longer the payback period the higher is the risk associated with the project (Brigham, 2004) (Fabuzzi, 2003). Overall there is only one major demerit of the discounted cash flow method that it do not consider the cash flow generated by the company after the payback period and due to this a project with high cash flow after the payback period is rejected in front of a project that pays no cash flow after the payback period. Net Present Value (NPV): NPV is known as the best technique in the capital budgeting decisions. There were flows in payback as well as discounted pay back periods because it don’t consider the cash flow after the payback and discounted pay back period. To remove this flows net present value (NPV) method, which relies on discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques is used to find the value of the project by considering the cash flow of the project till its life. To implement this approach, we proceed as follows: a. Find the present value of each cash flow, including all inflows and outflows, discounted at the project’s cost of capital. b. Sum these discounted cash flows; this sum is defined as the project’s NPV. c. If the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted, while if the NPV is negative, it should be rejected. If two projects with positive NPVs are mutually exclusive, the one with the higher NPV should be chosen. [pic] Here CFt is the expected net cash flow at Period t, k is the project’s cost of capital, and n is the life of the project. Cash outflows (initial investments like expenditures such as the cost of buying equipment or building factories) are treated as negative cash flows for the project because the investor cash position decrease with the investment. In evaluating Projects Current, High-Tech and Broker, only CF0 is negative, but for some project the cash flow remains to be uneven (Brigham, 2004). We can find out the most effective project using NPV method by following techniques. An NPV of zero signifies that the project’s cash flows are exactly sufficient to repay the invested capital and to provide the required rate of return on that capital. If a project has a positive NPV, then it is generating more cash than is needed to service the debt and to provide the required return to shareholders, and this excess cash accrues solely to the firm’s stockholders. This is the reason, if a firm takes on a project with a positive NPV, the wealth of the stockholders increases due to inflow of net cash in there investment. If we take the projects Current, High-tech and Broker shareholders’ wealth would decrease by $26,755 if the firm takes on Project Current, increase by $955,065 if it takes the project High-Tech but by only increase by $27,014 if it takes on Project Broker. So we can easily decide, as the projects are mutually exclusive the Project high-tech is ranked higher than the other two (Brigham, 2004). We can also say that there is a direct relationship between NPV and EVA (economic value added of the project. As NPV is equal to the present value of the project’s future EVAs generated each year. This is the reason if a project has a positive NPV its EVA and MVA (market value added, or the excess of the firm’s market value over its book value) will remain positive (Fabuzzi, 2003). This is commonly used capital budgeting technique by the managers in the current scenario. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) The internal rate of return is similar to the concept of calculating bond yield to maturity. Similar concepts are used in capital budgeting when the internal rate of return (IRR) method is used to evaluate any project. The IRR is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s expected cash inflows to the present value of the project’s outflows: [pic] Here CFO is the cash out flow from the project where CFI is the cash inflow from the project. Now how we can find the most valuable project using IRR there are following technique that will help to find out which project among Project Current, High-Tech and Broker is most valuable: i) The IRR on a project is its expected rate of return. i) If the internal rate of return exceeds the cost of the capital (WACC) used to finance the project, a surplus will remain after paying for the capital, and this surplus will accrue to the firm’s stockholders. Therefore, taking on a project whose IRR exceeds its cost of capital increases shareholders’ wealth. iii) But, if the internal rate of return is less than the cost of capital, then taking on the project will impose a cost on current stockholders. If we look at the project Current, High-Tech and Broker we can find that for project Current, IRR is 6. 9% where as the cost of capital is 9. 7%, for project High-Tech IRR is 64. 7% and the cost of capital is 9. 17% and for project broker IRR is 11% and cost of capital is 9. 17%. Hence we can decide that project high-tech is more valuable for Guillermo’s Furniture Store (Brigham, 2004) (Fabuzzi, 2003) (Reilly & Brown, 2006). Works Cited Brigham, E. F. , & Houston, J. F. (2004). Fundamental of Financial Management. South Western: Thomson. Brown, & Reilly. (2006). Investement Analysis and Portfolio Management. Thomson ONE – Business School. Fabozzi, F. J. (2003). Financial management and analysis. New Jercy: John willy and sons.

Advertising And Its Effect On Advertising Essay -- Advertising, Marketin

Thesis: Pollay’s statement about the negative consequences of advertising should be noted as it provides discussion whether or not advertising and its consequences are beneficial or detrimental. This essay will discuss Pollay’s statement through the limitations of advertising in relation to Lynx’s use of sex appeal within their advertisements and campaigns. However, I will go further to argue the benefits of advertising through the discussion of the consumer and their interpretation of advertisements and how advertising and branding can overcome the information mountain. Finally, I will discuss the benefits of advertising and how it forces creativity for product advertising and branding through the example of Lynx. Within this essay I will use Yeshin’s article, Sex in advertising perspectives on the erotic appeal (2003) as my primary source for discussion. Neg. Para 1: Within Yeshin’s article, Pollay suggests that one of the reasons to why advertising has profound consequences for consumers is its use of sex appeal. Take for example Lynx’s marketing campaign in 2006 (The Lynx Effect). The advert illustrates several thousand woman in bikinis running through a forest and swimming throug... ... middle of paper ... ...gative consequence can be true to a certain extent. Throughout the history of advertisement, the use of sex appeal and its ability to manipulate consumers to buy products still remains evident in today’s production of advertisement. However, to say that advertising has profound negative consequences such as being manipulative and persuasive through the use of sex appeal is just one side to the critical discussion of advertising. The use of branding within advertisement has beneficial consequences as it allows the viewer to overcome the information mountain. Furthermore, advertising forces creativity within the company’s brand and image, and possibly allows financial backing for non-profit organisations and causes such as ‘peace-one-day’. It seems that both the limitations and benefits of advertising lie with the consumer and their interpretation of the media text.

Situation problem and solution and evaluation Essay

Situation problem and solution and evaluation - Essay Example Burning of fossil fuels results in green house gas emission (Adger, 2005, p.23). It pollutes the atmosphere. On the other hand, deforestation results in lesser rain. Limited reserve of rain water is increasing the temperature of earth’s surface. Global warming can negatively impact on the survival of earth’s life. Just a difference of few degrees in the earth’s average temperature can result major climate change (Arnold, 2011, p.121). Whole world is experiencing this climate change since 19th century. Global warming has become one of the most important global phenomenons. Greenhouse Gas emission is the major consequence of global climate change or global warming. All countries are co-operating with each other and collaboratively trying to minimize the impact of global warming on the society. Increasing green house gas emission due to unethical business practices of several organizations is posing real threat for future generation. It is assumed that if the greenh ouse gas emission increases at continuous rate, then several animal species can get wiped out from earth within next 100 years (Jamieson, 1992, pp.139-153). It is important to control the greenhouse gas emission in order to control the effect of global warming. Problem Both greenhouse gas emission and global worming have critical intergenerational effects. Carbon dioxide is considered as the most deadly and prominent greenhouse gas. The temporal diffusion of climate change can develop various collective ethical problems. Environmental damage and global climate change become most critical global threats (Maslin, 2007, p.43). Heating up of earth’s surface due to carbon dioxide and methane gas emission is prominently affecting modern civilization. Several unethical human activities are responsible for this rapid global climate change. People are trying to implement the potential opportunities that are developed due through globalization and modern technology (Postel and Richter, 2003, pp.34-35). Number of consumption of vehicles rapidly increased over last few decades. Every single individual are trying to satisfy their comfort level by application of advanced technological instruments. Refrigerators and washing machines are important daily-life consumer durable goods. Global warming is the consequence of increasing Ozone layer in atmosphere (Rijseberman, 2006, p.12). Deadly CFC released into the atmosphere by the havoc usage of refrigerators and washing machines. Moreover, consumption of fossil fuels largely increased over past few decades. Burning of fossil fuels increases the emission of methane and carbon dioxide. The number of serious human diseases, such as cancer, TB, mental disorder and respiratory problem are increasing due to atmospheric pollution and increasing GHG emission (Vanderheiden, 2008, p.34). Deforestation is highly responsible for loss of rainfall. Water is the source of life. People are cutting down rain forest in order to develop ind ustries and complexes. Day-by-day, several species of birds are wiping out from earth due to deforestation. It is affecting ecological balance as each and every animal has effective contribution in effective ecological balance. Solution It is clear from the above discussion that government of all the countries, leading global organizations and present human generation has the responsibility to control and reduce the effect of global warming. Following

Huckleberry Finn Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Huckleberry Finn - Term Paper Example n 19th century America in the South and the main characters are represented by low social castes and it is through their experiences and their view points that society’s values and norms are challenged by the young protagonist. Twain presents Huck as a young, independent boy endowed with both strength and stamina of character. He is characterized by 19th century society as an â€Å"outlaw† and an â€Å"outcast† (Johnson 1996, 5). Yet the reader is left with the distinct impression that this characterization of Huck is more of a condemnation of the society in which he is viewed as an outcast and an outlaw. Johnson (1996) explains that Huck’s outcast status is derived from society’s failure. Huck’s childhood â€Å"has scarcely been an idyllic one, nor has he lived the life of a typical carefree boy† (Johnson 1996, 5). Twain characterizes Huck as a sensitive and unselfish individual who struggles with moral choices, often questioning the hypocrisy of societal values and demonstrating his own sense of right and wrong. Huck’s society characterizes him as a misfit who is almost always in â€Å"some kind of trouble, or out of sympathy† with those in control (Johnson 1996,5). Early on Huck is seen as an incompatible fit even with his good friend, Tom Sawyer and his gang. This characterization of Huck continues and strengthens as the plot moves along. For instance, in Huck’s brief encounter with the Grangerfords, he cannot understand their social values and contradicts it in helping their daughter escape with the son of a family the Grangerfords are feuding with. The biggest manifestation of Huck’s characterization as a misfit however, is his determination and efforts to help Jim the slave, escape the Phelps, rather than turn him into Miss Watson. In summary, Huck is characterized as â€Å"continually at war with society, and with society’s values† (Johnson 1996, 6). It is through his experience on the run with Jim, that Huck matures and is able to

Current events report and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current events report and analysis - Essay Example As result of the increase in the supply of the oil, the price of the oil has gone down in the country. The demand for oil in the other oil consuming major countries like Spain and Italy had been due to the crisis that these countries have been experiencing. Thus among the other developed countries the both the consumption and the production of oil in the United States has been the highest (Norris 1). In respect to the above article, the demand and supply model has been fit and the analysis has been done from the perspective of the oil prices of the United States. The diagram below depicts the demand and supply of oil in the economy of US. The downward sloping curve is the demand curve and the upward rising curves are the supply curves. In the figure it can be seen that the initial supply curve of oil in the economy of US is given by S2 which was the supply of oil in the previous period. The demand and supply curve in the initial phase intersected at the equilibrium price of P2 and quantity Q2. In the present period the supply of oil in the economy increases and the new supply curve shifts to S1. Therefore at the same level of demand for oil in the economy the demand and supply curves intersect to form a new equilibrium the new equilibrium point is formed at the price P1 and at the quantity Q1. If the macroeconomic policy of aggregate demand and supply is applied to the article above it can be found that the rise in the consumption has resulted in a push in the demand for oil. This in turn has increased the level of supply of oil in the economy. In the above figure the aggregate supply and demand curve has been drawn. The initial aggregate supply curve is AS. Due to the rise in the production of oil the new aggregate supply curve would be at AS1. The rise in the production of the oil has led to the fall in the prices. As a result the price level of the economy decreases. The spending of the people increases the aggregate demand in the economy. This results in

Supply Network Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Political science 1 quiz questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political science 1 quiz questions - Essay Example This caused the basis of an ever changing government that could adapt to new definitions of justice in the future. For example, the United States has a Constitution that can be amended, as with the Thirteenth Amendment that abolished slavery. The second ideal that Plato gave the revolutionaries was the concept of every individual had a talent, and should be able to follow that talent despite being nobility or peasant. While Plato’s ideas about talent in The Republic were used by the revolutionaries, Marx based some of his views on this concept as well. In Marx’s view, each individual should do what they were talented at. If a brawny soldier had the soul of a poet, they would still be sent to war in a Marxist society. Both democracy and Marxism can find their roots in Plato’s The Republic. The Renaissance ideas that were used by the revolutionaries were the doubt about monarchies, nobility, and peasants. The Renaissance brought the idea that everyone had the right to be free and enjoy life, whether born nobility or peasant. The ideal of equality coming from the Renaissance caused both the United States and France to create legislative bodies, constitutions, and create a democratic government that has endured since both revolutions. Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, George Washington, John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Warren G. Harding created governments based on Antiquity and Renaissance ideas. Both the French and American Revolutions were violent. However, the men behind the violence were intelligent organizers that created two new governments. 2) What are the main institutions of the Federal government? What document describes its form and function? What is the purpose and function of the three main institutions of the Federal government? What is the importance of the principles of â€Å"separation of powers†, â€Å"checks and

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Synthesis - Essay Example Majority of the opinion from the analysts, authors, and interviewees, is that college is worth it. This paper will present all sides of the issue -- from yes, no, to â€Å"its complicated† in order to prove and defend the stand of the collective writers that college is definitely worth it. With most college students needing to work in order to stay in college, the financial trade off for the student and his parents does not seem to be fair. That is most likely the reason why there is a rush of articles in academic journals arguing about the validity of a college education. Is it worth going into debt for? Is there actually any value that can be set for the college education of a person? Is it truly worth the financial sacrifice to complete a college education? Or perhaps trade school would be best so that the student can immediately set out to work after graduation? These are the questions that three separate articles which were assigned reading in our class tried to answer based upon practical reasoning, historical data, and common sense. Once viewed collectively, the answer to the question being posed becomes quite clear, college is definitely worth it for those who can afford it. In the interview of Larry D. Singell, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences of Indiana University, Jamsheed Chosky , professor of Central Eurasian Studies and History, and finally Richard Miller, professor of Religious Studies, the three important figures from Indiana University attempt to provide evidence as to why a college degree is worth the cost in an interview with Bruce Lilly. The main argument of the three university representatives centered around the cost of education and the difference between a completed liberal arts education as opposed to an education completed at a trade school. All three men, regardless of how they presented their opinion on the

External Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Analysis - Essay Example This paper will explore and analyze the fast casual restaurant industry in the USA with considerations on Mr Empanada Franchise Corporation, a fast food casual restaurant, which is headquartered in Tampa Florida. The paper will look into the strategy of Mr Empanada and give recommendations on the same. Primarily, the paper will look into the political and legal environment in the industry and then look into the power of suppliers. Political and Legal Environment Considering the political structure of USA, both the laws of the federal government as well as the laws of the state where the business is operating govern all the businesses. The fast food restaurant in the USA is highly flourishing which is an indication of good policies regarding the restaurant industry. The state of Florida, which is the home of Mr Empanada and other multinational fast casual restaurants such as McDonald’s and Burger King Corporation, is one of the states where the restaurant industry is well estab lished. It is imperative that the restaurants should not only be conversant with the prevailing laws, both federal government and state government laws, but should also ensure that they comply with the laws. Mr Empanada engages in the manufacturing and sale of food substances, which are highly regulated by food laws that seek to protect all US consumers and apply to both USA and foreign corporations operating in the USA (Smith 353). The manufacturing facility is certified by USDA meaning that the facility is usually subjected to a daily inspection to ensure that the corporation upholds the required level of hygiene and practice in handling food for human consumption. The US FDA regulates food, beverages, and dietary supplements that are meant for human consumption or for consumption by other animals in the United States. The FDA regulations are entrenched under the US Bioterrorism Act that requires all corporations dealing with manufacturing, processing, storage or packaging of food stuffs intended for consumption in the USA be registered. It is important that all fast food restaurants should follow the due process for registration with US FDA. It is also very important that all restaurants should be conversant and compliant with all the national and state laws that govern food, beverages and other dietary supplements. In the state of Florida for instance, the enforcement of legal requirements for fast casual restaurants is very strict to ensure maximum quality and safety of foodstuffs. The Division of Hotels and Restaurants, of the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulations, deals with the fast casual restaurants to ensure that they uphold quality and professionalism in their operations. The Division of Hotels and Restaurants inspects licenses and permits, and regulates the establishment of food services in the state in accordance with Chapter 509 of the Florida statutes. The H&R division regulates engineered facilities such as escalators, ele vators and other vertical installations in hotels and restaurants in accordance with chapter 399 of the statutes of Florida (Florida 1518). It is prudent for restaurants in the casual fast food industry to comply with all the laws and requirements of regulatory bodies to avoid undue lawsuits and liability. Mr Empanada for instance has duly complied with the requirements of USAD and has been certified by USAD to offer its services in Florida. Restaurants are often

Jose de San Martin Essay Example for Free

Jose de San Martin Essay In Argentina war of independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine forces under Jose de San Martin against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown. On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucuman, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution. Chile This war of independence was an armed conflict between the people of Chile and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 10, 1810 and extended until 1821. A declaration of independence was officially issued by Chile on February 12,1818 and formally recognized by Spain in 1840, when full diplomatic relations ( conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states) were established. Peru The Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula should have led to a degradation of royal power, but since nearby Upper Peru was under the attack of armies from Buenos Aires, the Peruvian oligarchs supported the royalist cause. Fear of indigenous rebellion also remained from the 1780-1781 revolt that was headed by Jose Gabriel Tupac Amaru Condorcanqui. Finally, the viceroys of Peru traditionally had the support of the Lima oligarchs because of their opposition to the commercial interests of Buenos Aires and Chile. Therefore, the Viceroyalty of Peru became the last redoubt of the Spanish Monarchy in South America. Nevertheless, a Creole rebellion arose in 1812 in Huanuco and another in Cusco between 1814 and 1816. Both were suppressed. These rebellions were supported by the armies of Buenos Aires. Peru finally succumbed after the decisive continental campaigns of Jose de San Martin (1820–1823) and Simon Bolivar (1824). While San Martin was in charge of the land campaign, a newly built Chilean Navy led by Lord Cochrane transported the fighting troops and launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific. San Martin, who had displaced the royalists of Chile after the Battle of Maipu, and who had disembarked in Paracas in 1820, proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima on July 28, 1821. Four years later, the Spanish Monarchy was defeated definitively at the Battle of Ayacucho. After independence, the conflicts of interests that faced different sectors of Creole Peruvian society and the particular ambitions of the caudillos, made the organization of the country excessively difficult. Only three civilians—Manuel Pardo, Nicolas de Pierola and Francisco Garcia Calderon—acceded to the presidency in the first seventy-five years of Perus independence. The Republic of Bolivia was created from Upper Peru. In 1837 a Peru-Bolivian Confederation was also created but was dissolved two years later due to Chilean military intervention

Website Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Website Evaluation Essay The creator of the website http://www. nationalmssociety. org/index. aspx is the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS). NMSS was started in order to provide research and resources to those living with multiple sclerosis. Their philosophy is to create a movement inclusive of people with multiple sclerosis in an effort to move toward a world free of multiple sclerosis (NMSS, 2008). NMSS is a credible organization that has been in existence for many years. Since its creation, NMSS has been diligently working towards developing new research to find a cure for multiple sclerosis as well as enabling people with this disease to find quality of life. Proof of NMSS credibility is shown in the constant updating of the website. News releases are posted regularly to update visitors about new progress being made. Additionally, the website includes up to date information about where those living with multiple sclerosis can find services to help them. Finally, NMSS can be considered credible because they include the sources of their information in their news releases. In their multimedia library section of the website they offer additional resources and information about these is provided (NMSS, 2008). The main stated goal of NMSS is to enable those with multiple sclerosis to find quality of life and to continue to work towards a cure. In order to accomplish these two goals, NMSS is committed to excellent service, leadership and teamwork. These noble goals are listed on the website under the core values section and provide visitors with important information about their mission. Unstated goals include details about the importance of research as it is assumed that most people would agree this is important. There doesn’t appear to be any biases or hidden agendas since NMSS isn’t in existence to make money. Instead, they are dedicated to finding a cure for multiple sclerosis and helping people live with the disease. The information presented on the website is useful to students living with multiple sclerosis. The resources provided can give students important tools to enable them to be successful in school despite the presence of a debilitating disease. The content of the website is current as news related to multiple sclerosis is updated often. This information is based on scholarly research so it can be considered accurate. In addition, the resources presented to viewers are based on studies done by experts in the field so it can also be considered accurate. Additionally, the resources available to viewers are appropriate as it includes people of all ages, races, genders and ethnicities. Multiple sclerosis doesn’t discriminate and neither does this website. These resources are presented in an easy to understand way. There is a link on the website to the multimedia library where viewers can research books, journal articles and pod casts. There is also a link to news where viewers can read the latest news about multiple sclerosis as well as search previous news stories. These important issues are presented through additional resources and news stories in a realistic manner that allows all types of viewers easy access to help materials (NMSS, 2008). The website is presented in English but can be translated into Spanish as well. While this doesn’t enable other languages to read the website it does include a large number of additional Spanish speaking viewers access to important information about how to live with multiple sclerosis. To this end, the readability of the website is appropriate for all viewers regardless of language. The links are easy to find and the website is easy to navigate in order to find what one is looking for. The content included is organized among these links in order to make it simple to find necessary information. If a viewer is looking for the latest news they can visit the news link or if they are interested in finding local services they can visit the find a chapter link (NMSS, 2008). The home page is welcoming because it is organized and a viewer can quickly find necessary links. It includes a slideshow of the latest news with encouraging pictures of people living with multiple sclerosis. These scrolling news stories are meant to motivate viewers to find out more about NMSS, either for themselves or for others. It also includes easy to find links for joining the NMSS movement as well as resources for those newly diagnosed, those currently living with the disease as well as information for friends and family of those living with multiple sclerosis. These links motivate all people touched by multiple sclerosis to learn more about finding a cure and creating high quality of life for those living with this disease. To this end, the links are well organized and easy to find and navigate. There are enough links that desired information is easy to find. Finally, NMSS includes a search link to increase the ability of viewers to find what they are looking for (NMSS, 2008). The graphics on the home page are included with the latest news stories so they can be considered accurate. The website doesn’t rely on many graphic but the ones they include are relevant to the different topics being discussed on the different pages. There are many links designed to motivate people to get involved and learn more about NMSS, including stories of those suffering from the disease, â€Å"Walk for MS,† â€Å"Bike for MS† and an MS fact of the day. These activities are designed to provide additional information that can contribute to quality of life as well as educate people about finding a cure (NMSS, 2008). This website is easy to use for anyone, including disabled people. NMSS doesn’t pity those suffering from multiple sclerosis. The entire mission of NMSS is to help people with the disease live a normal life. It is sensitive to the different needs of people with multiple sclerosis but it certainly doesn’t portray any type of pity. In fact, it works to promote independence and dignity for those living with the disease. It offers a wide variety of resources designed to show those with multiple sclerosis how to live normal lives. Different experiences from different people living with the disease are included in the Online Community. This is a place to post and read individual and personal stories of other people living with multiple sclerosis. These real life examples show others how similar these people really are. Individuals with multiple sclerosis can live relatively normal lives for many years before the disease progresses to the point of disabling a person. If a person with multiple sclerosis didn’t tell others that he or she had the disease it would remain a secret, often for a very long time. In this way, people with multiple sclerosis are very similar to everyone else. The education sections of the website provide further information to show students how similar people with multiple sclerosis are but also to educate them about the differences and what they mean (NMSS, 2008). One suggestion for the website would be to increase the personal stories included. There are only a few posted currently and offering more real life experiences would further the motivation of people living with multiple sclerosis. Additional learning activities geared specifically towards students would go a long way towards helping people understand multiple sclerosis and how it affects friends and family members. The current layout is very easy to navigate so change wouldn’t be necessary. In fact, adding more links would contribute to more confusion while navigating the site. There is so much information currently available on the website and it is condensed into a few links so that viewers don’t have to spend so much time trying to find what they are looking for. Additional links are included in each major link to further narrow the focus of a search. This type of layout makes information easily accessible. A final suggestion would be to include translation into more languages as NMSS promotes diversity and providing important information to more people would only further their mission towards finding a cure. NMSS. (2008). National Multiple Sclerosis Society. † Retrieved on December 13, 2008 from http://www. nationalmssociety. org/index. aspx.

A Study On Special Events Management Management Essay

A Study On Special Events Management Management Essay This essay is aimed at addressing the aformentioned issue. In order to identify the skills and qualities that are of value to future leaders in special events management, the paper is first going to outline the scope of the profession. Next, the skills and traits that the leaders in special events management are expected to exhibit are going to be named. Then, the practical expectations of the employers in respect of these skills and competencies are going to be compared and contrasted with the theoretical concepts on leadership present in the subject literature. The conclusion is going to aggregate main points of the essay. First of all, it seems necessary to provide the definition of special events in order to establish the basis for greater understanding of what the managers and leaders in the field actually do. Shone and Parry (2004, p.3) define special events as () non-routine occassions, which have leisure, cultural, personal or organisational objectives set apart from the normal activity of daily life, whose purpose is to enlighten, celebrate, entertain, or challenge the experience of a group of people. From such description it is clearly visible, that special events is a capacious term encompassing affairs such as sport fairs, weddings, presentations, fashion shows, award ceremonies and many others. Therefore, the special events management can be most simply described as a process of effective and professional organisation of such happenings, so that their intended effect on the chosen audience is achieved (Getz, 2005). The information obtained from Prospects.ac.uk (2010) suggests that generic special event manager job description can be organised around the following clusters of duties: researching, planning, budgeting, coordinating, utilizing IT software to facilitate the process, marketing, arranging and overseeing the logistics side, people management, evaluating the success of events on completion. The aforementioned list of tasks is by no means exhaustive. As such, it is clearly visible that the position of the leader in the special events management industry requires the applicant to master a variety of skills that would be easily transferrible across such a wide spectrum of duties, eventually allowing for accomplishment of the chosen aim of the special event. Therefore, it can be said that excellent organisational aptitude, people management skills, communication skills, marketing abilities, adjustability to the changing environment, and lastly the ability to conceptualise and leadership skills consitute these valued features of the successful leaders in special events management (Perry et al., 1996 in Tassiopoulos, 2005). Moreover, it is justifiable to say that organisational skills and startegic thinking are the key elements to a successful career in special events management (Anderson, 2010). Excellent time management abilities, as well as the capacity to multitask and prioritize are crucial in the hectic environment, where many duties are carried out simultaneuously often under substantial time pressure (Wignall, 2008). Analytical competency and high numeracy are other desired traits (Eventjobsearch.co.uk, 2010a). People management skills constitute a second pillar to a prominent career in the special event management industry (Goldblatt, 2005). As the role of the leader in the field is primarly concerned with people: either through coordinating internal network of contacts or by engaging with external parties such as suppliers, proficiency in delegation of duties and effective supervision is certainly needed. Excellent communication skills are another must have for a special events management leader (Eventjobsearch.co.uk, 2010b). Ongoing exchange of information between the customer and the leader, or between the leader and other parties requires skillfullness in oral and written communication to ensure that leaders vision is announced in a coherent manner. Furthermore, the tactfulness in interpersonal contact as well as the capability to listen and recept followed by the negotiation and presentation skills are truly desirable (Worldevents, 2010). The special event industry is believed to be more about whom than what one knows, thus fostering for the communication skills seems exteremely relevant. Flexibility and open-mindedness are also certainly needed (INCA, 2010). The special event management is a constantly changing process requiring ongoing re-prioritizing and finding solutions to the problems arising on the spot. Thus, adaptability to the dynamic environment and the ability to utilize ones creativity and think outside the box is of utmost importance. Marketing edge is another sought-after ability (Goldblatt, 2005). As many events are developed with the profit-generating idea in mind, or require sponsor-/ funding- seeking it is necessary for the leaders to master the knowledge of marketing that will allow them to sell the event to potential parties. Last, but not least the future leaders in special events management industry need to possess the ability to infect the followers with enthusiasm and excitement about the project, in other words depict the charismatic persona (Wignall, 2008). Such capacities are extremely important, as they enhance staffs commitment and motivation to push towards common goal, therefore are essential for facilitation of the process and task accomplishment. Self-confidence and assertiveness are also of value (Wignall, 2008), as they allow the leader to gain credibility in the followers eyes, thus legitimizing the actions taken by him/her. Having identified the skills and aptitudes that are deemed of value to future leaders in special events management, it seems worthwhile to establish whether such choice of requirements is supported by the postulates of the theoretical developments in the leadership literature. Thus, this part of the essay is dedicated to comparing and contrasting the practice with chosen theoretical approaches to leadership: the traits approach, skills approach and contingency leadership concept. The traits theory originates from mid-20th century studies into the personalities of effective leaders in order to correlate their characteristics with successful leadership practices to produce a universally applicable set of must have attributes (Sadler, 2003). Subsequent reviews of the original studies however dismissed the postulate of unidirectional relationship between identified traits and successful leadership, further disregarding the possibility of producing a consistent set of traits typical for all leaders (Jago, 1982). Stogdill (1974, in Daft 2002) proposed an extensive list of attributes of successful leaders, further concluding that possession of the identified traits alone does not guarantee effectiveness in leadership, but is a function of those and contextual factors. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) describe the traits as potential only that needs to be activated by the leaders affirmative action in order for the leadership practice to be successful. Nevertheless, the main postulate of the traits approach that leaders do differ from other people in their personalities remains valid, therefore reassuring the application of the theory to business setting. Daft (2002) aggregating conclusions of Bass and Stogdills (1990, in Daft, 2002) and Kirkpatrick and Lockes (1991) studies identifies a set of personal characteristics of leaders that are believed to trigger effective practice. The author notes the importance of drive and desire to excel, motivation, honesty and integrity, self assurance, cognitive capacity and intelligence, knowledge of the industry, as well as to less extent charisma, flexibility and open-mindedness, enthusiasm and sociability as the activators of successful leadership. Looking at the proposed list it is easy to notice the convergence between the traits identified as necessary by the researchers and those previously described as of value to the future leaders in special events management. Nevertheless, it seems that the traits that are denied equal attention in ordinary business setting, i.e. flexibility, creativity and enthusiasm, in special events management find stronger appreciation. Furthermore, the traits theory fails to appreciate the importance of personal growth occurring throughout ones carrier thus denying the future leaders the option to develop the identified traits; what is more disregarding the importance of contextual factors. The unique nature of special events allows the leaders to gain experience through direct participation in the production process of every single event, as well as emphasizes the need to adapt to changing settings, therefore pointing out the weaknesses of the application of traits approach to the purpose of validating such choice of required traits and skills. The skills or otherwise known as capability approach seems to overcome the first of aforementioned drawbacks by focusing on the competencies rather than personal attributes that leaders ought to possess to deliver the appropriate performance (Northouse, 2004). The model sees leadership as concerned with solving problems arising in everyday organisational setting (Mumford et al., 2000a). The skills approach postulates that leaders performance is generated via utilization of three types of skills: problem-solving skills, solution generation skills, as well as social judgement skills subject to development throughout ones career under the influence of the individual attributes such as motivation and personality and the environmental context (Mumford et al., 2000b). Unlike traits theory this model appreciates that leadership potential that can be transformed into effective practice rests within everyone (Northouse, 2004). The skills model successfully provides explanation for the choice of some of the competencies deemed of value to potential leaders in special events management, emphasising the importance of motivation and enthusiasm, as well as people-oriented skills. However, similarly to the traits theory this concept presents some limitations in its applicability. Leadership in special events management requires exceptional organisation and strategic thinking abilities, which are denied sufficient importance by the skills model that sees the leaders as facilitators of quick solutions to arising problems rather than visionaries. Furthermore, the applicability of the model is believed to be limited by the specificity of the research setting (i.e. US army) (Northouse, 2004). The last model to be analysed against the practical requirements of future leaders in special events management is the contingency concept originally devised by Fiedler (1969, in Sadler, 2003). According to this theory the effectiveness of leadership practice depends on (i.e. is contingent on) three aspects of the situation in which it takes place: the nature of the leader-followers relationship (the loyalty, trust etc), the nature of the tasks (degree of clear indication of requirements) and the position power of the leader (i.e. authority available to the leader) (Sadler, 2003). Depending on the combination of the aforementioned variables the leader is believed to adopt a relationship-motivated or task-motivated behaviour that allows for either accomplishment of set goals or fostering for growth in interpersonal relationships (Torrington et al., 2005). However, this approach is also said to entice some limitations mainly concerned with the validity of the research methods in use an d the suitability of the concept in explaining actions to be taken in the event of a clash between the contextual factors and leaders personality (Northouse, 2004). Nevertheless, from the proposed description it is visible that the contingency model of leadership is highly relevant to special events management setting. By pointing at contingency of leadership on the context it provides the explanation for the large variety of transferable skills expected of the applicants in special events management: every event can be seen as a unique project, thus concerned with different people and contextual factors, therefore requiring distinct leadership practice. Furthermore, this approach overcomes the shortcomings of the previously discussed concepts by emphasizing the importance of the holistic appreciation of environmental context for the choice of most effective leadership practice and the need for the leader to flexibly adapt to the followers requirements, thus accentuating the leader-follower relationship as the core of the leadership concept (Northouse, 2004). To conclude, the conducted analysis of the practical requirements against the traits, skills and contingency theory reveals that despite identified limitations, the theoretical concepts on leadership originating from research in general business setting provide adequate rationale for emphasis placed on the problem-solving and people-management skills; as well as traits such as enthusiasm, charisma and creativity visible in the job advertisements for positions in special events management. Nevertheless, taking into consideration the total array of the practical requirements, it can be said that indeed, leadership in special events management is organised around a distinct combination of skills and traits that find complete explanation in the characteristics of the profession, rather than theoretical concepts.

Buddhist Doctrine Of Karma Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Buddhist doctrine of karma ("deeds", "actions"), and the closely related doctrine of rebirth, are perhaps the best known, and often the least understood, of Buddhist doctrines. The matter is complicated by the fact that the other Indian religious traditions of Hinduism and Jainism have their own theories of Karma and Reincarnation. It is in fact the Hindu versions that are better known in the West. The Buddhist theory of karma and rebirth are quite distinct from their other Indian counterparts. In Buddhism the law of karma is the moral law of causation - good actions give good results and vice versa. It is the quality of an act, which determines its consequences. But what determines the karmic quality of a deed? In Hinduism it is the correct performance of a person's "duty", especially his caste duties that counts. Early Buddhism, which recognized no caste distinctions, evaluates the karmic quality of an act in terms of moral and ethical criteria. In particular it is the mental factors, which accompany the commission of deed that determines its consequences or "fruits" (vipà ¢ka). All negative karma (i.e. those leading to bad consequences) arise from the three roots of unwholesomeness. These are greed (lobha), aversion (dosa), and delusion (moha). Accordingly good karmic results follow from deeds that spring from generosity (caga), loving-kindness (mettà ¢) and wisdom (vijjà ¢). The Buddha emphasized that it is the mental factors involved rather than the deeds themselves that determine future consequences. Thus the same deed committed with different mental factors will have different consequences. Likewise purely accidental deeds may have neutral consequences, however if the accident occurred because insufficient mindfulness was exercised it could have adverse results for the person responsible for it. The theory of karma presupposes that individuals have "free will". Everything that happens to an individual is not the fruit of some past karma. In fact the experiences that involve an individual may be of three kinds: some are the result of past action, some are deliberately committed free acts; and the remainder could be due to chance factors operating in the environment. The doctrine of karma is not a theory of predestination of any kind. One common misunderstanding is not to distinguish between the action an... ...vana is a representation of someone becoming enlightened in this life. It seems as though Christians tend to emphasize too greatly the importance of acceptance into the Kingdom of Heaven. Buddhists believe it is not the deeds themselves, but the mental factors involved in making those decisions that determine later consequences. We, as Catholics, should at least try to follow that example. Because it seems that all too often Christians over look the fact that they should not overlook the fact that they only have a certain amount of time to do things right in this lifetime, because heaven is never ending. In order to live better lives; Christians should learn as much as possible about religions that are alien to them. They should adopt ideals that make sense to them in their daily lives. And finally, they should be proud that they share similar ideals as many of the worlds other great religions. Bibliography Berchol, Samuel The Buddha and his Teachings. New York: Barnes and Noble books, 1997 Gurasekara, Victor A. Basic Buddhism. London: Buddhist Monk Press, 1997 Kaufman, Walter Religions, in Four Dimensions .New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1976

They Died With Their Boots On :: essays papers

They Died With Their Boots On Produced in 1943, They Died With Their Boots On, a Warner Brothers ® film, is a horribly inaccurate account of the events that lead to the Battle of Little Big Horn. His early days in war were depicted accurately, however. Boots told of his experiences at West Pointe; the most important experience is, notably, his graduation. He received the absolute worst scores ever recorded at West Pointe upon his commencement. After that point, it all goes down hill. Custer was also a womanizer, but in this film he was quite a gentlemen, being sure to get Elizabeth Bacon’s father’s permission for everything the two did together. Custer was displayed as a very sympathetic and warm-hearted general, while he was, in actuality, not such. Custer was known to be rather a large egoist and somewhat of a rude man. Then, for â€Å"dramatic effect†, filmmakers fabricated a conspiracy that Custer’s â€Å"enemies† concocted to remove him from opposition. His opponents, e xecutives of a large company which he refused a position in, â€Å"lied† about gold in the Black Hills in order to trick thousands of Americans into violating a peace treaty with the Sioux. The truth: there really WAS gold in the Black Hills. Negro slaves were depicted as goofy and silly, added only for comic effect. One lady in particular danced about singing a rhyme, â€Å"Rabbit’s foot, work your charm, protect that lady’s man from harm!† after reading the â€Å"tea leaves† for a friend. The Sioux Indians were also depicted rather inaccurately. They all wore a single feather in the backs of their heads and yipped and hollered just as â€Å"Indians† would do. They screamed and beat their hands on their mouths, all the while speaking English in the manner of a five year-old. Finally, the film’s depiction of Civil War battles, not to mention the battle of Little Big Horn, were laughable. There were twenty, MAYBE thirty men all lined u p on either side of the field, and every time the Union soldiers fought, at least two Confederate soldiers or Indians fell, dead. However, when the opposing side fired or attacked, the Union cavalries were nearly impregnable.

The Development of Bathsheba Everdene in Far from the Madding Crowd Ess

The Development of Bathsheba Everdene in Far from the Madding Crowd â€Å"Far from the Madding Crowd†, by Thomas Hardy is about an immature nineteen-year-old girl called Bathsheba Everdene; she has difficulties throughout the novel. She has some good and bad experiences. These are with three different characters. In the beginning of the novel Bathsheba is vain, insensitive, egocentric and stubborn. She gradually develops through the novel as she becomes less vain, stubborn, insensitive, and egocentric and becomes more confident, caring and more determined to make her farm work, this shows how her character changes as she looks at the bad things that have happened in her life and tries to put them right. As she progresses through the novel her responsibilities become more demanding. These roles make her an independent and successful lady. She also becomes more sensitive and responsible towards men. Bathsheba 'major fault’ is an immature and vain young nineteen-year-old woman. Bathsheba is unaware of her own actions as she leads men on without knowing. A way in which this can be shown is the fact that she is aware of Oak having feelings for her but despite this she lead him on. She shows this when Oak asks her to marry him, but she doesn’t like the idea of it until he mentions that she will get publicity. Oak suggests that he would publish their marriage in the wedding section in the public newspaper and she goes along with it as she will get known, but when he starts saying he needs commitment, she slowly losses interest and this shows that she has no real reason for wanting to marry him apart from the fact that she wants attention. â€Å"Dearly I shall like that† This leads onto her showing her vanity as ... ...y gifts all labelled to Bathsheba in six years time. In conclusion Bathsheba emotions change, as she knows that Oak will be leaving. â€Å"Leaving England, Why Gabriel, what are you going to do that for?† This news shows that this is the worst time she has had as Oak has been there for her through everything. She has had mixed feelings foe three different men which make her grow. She soon realises that she is in love with him; her love for him makes her grow and become very mature near the end of the novel. Bathsheba marries Oak as she realises that he is the right man for her and will be able to tame her and be there for her. Each of the three men helped he develop and become a more confident and responsible lady. Though the whole of the whole of the novel Bathsheba had problems and she managed to resolve them, which made her a better character.

Interpersonal Communication Complete Course Essay

Many people believe that communication skills are easy and should come naturally. As we have learned this week, learning effective interpersonal communication skills requires a lot of time and practice. Of all the skills listed in Chapter Two of Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication, which skill(s) are you most excited about improving in your interpersonal relationships? Why do you feel that you need to make improvements in this area? Based on the course material that you read this week, what are some ways that you plan on using these skills in your everyday life? DQ 2 In Chapter Three of Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication, the author lays out many psychological concepts concerning the â€Å"self.† How do all these concepts relate to interpersonal communication? Also, give an example of how your â€Å"self-concept,† â€Å"self-image,† or â€Å"self-esteem† has affected your interpersonal communication. Week 1 Assignment: Week 1 Assignment Article Critique (Making Poor Communication) (550+ Words) Week 2 DQ 1 In Chapter Four of Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication, the author discusses the power of language and how verbal communication can affect interpersonal relationships. The author also mentions ways in which you can improve your verbal communication. Explain  how you will use these skills to make your interpersonal verbal communication more effective. Use a specific example of someone in your life (past or present) that is difficult to communicate with. Describe how using these skills could improve your communication with this person. DQ 2 Nonverbal communication is one of the most powerful ways that we communicate in our interpersonal relationships. Sometimes, however, we may find ourselves unintentionally communicating something that we do not mean to. This tends to happen quite often in intercultural communication situations (when we are communicating across different cultures). Provide an example of a time when you nonverbally communicated something other than what you meant. Or, use an example of when someone else nonverbally communicated something to you that was different than what they meant. What happened in this situation? Be specific in your example and also discuss what you will do in the future to avoid this. Week 2 Assignment: Week 2 Assignment Article Critique (Talking Styles). (600+ Words) Week 2 Qiuz 10 Q’s and A’s. Week 3 DQ 1 Some students think that they do not have much of a cultural background because they were not born outside of the United States or because they do not speak another language. The truth is that everyone has a culture! This can be in regards to your race, ethnicity, gender, age, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, ability, etc. Take some time to write about your own culture and share with us what makes you who you are. Try to not focus on just one aspect of yourself, but try to utilize as many cultural elements as possible. Also, address why culture is important in communication. How does your culture affect your communication with others? DQ 2 Some of the work from communication expert, James McCorskey, has been very influential in research within the interpersonal communication field. He is especially well-known for his communication research scales. Go to the Willingness to Listen website and complete the â€Å"Willingness to Listen Measure.† Follow the directions on the website to score your results. Based on your results, do you have a high, moderate, or low willingness to listen to others? How do you think your willingness to listen score could impact your interpersonal relationships? Do you think that this measure was accurate for you? What about the measure do you think was or was not accurate? Week 3 Assignment: Week 3 Assignment Final Paper Outline (Rough Draft for Letter of Advice) (950+ Words) Week 3 Assignment Article Critique (Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication). (450+Words) DQ 1 One of the most frustrating situations in the professional world is to work with someone who is not professional in their job. This often makes it a very disheartening work environment because of the low level of professionalism. Have you ever found yourself in a situation where the work environment was not professional? How did you handle the situation? Share an example. If your work experience is limited, consider a time when you were working with others in a different context, such as school or a club. Also, address how you can combat this in the future with effective communication skills. DQ 2 Social media (e.g., email, blogs, Face book, Skype, and Twitter) has played a major role in changing the way that we all engage in interpersonal communication. As we have learned this week, this form of communication through electronic media is referred to as mediated communication. As with everything, there are many pros and cons to using mediated communication in our interpersonal relationships. How has mediated communication improved  your interpersonal relationships? How has it hurt them? Provide examples to illustrate your point.

Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice Essay

The most common type of diabetes is Type II diabetes mellitus which occurs in more that 90% of the cases of diabetes reported (Thomas, 2013). Type I diabetes is not as common  and is caused by destruction of the islet of Langerhans due to susceptibility of an autoimmune destruction leading to a reduced amount of insulin produced and glucose intolerance (Feinglos,2008). Type I diabetes is mostly diagnosed in children and young adults. Unlike diabetes type  I, Type II diabetes mellitus is mostly diagnosed in older people and is caused by unhealthy lifestyles (Thomas, 2013). Type II diabetes is characterized by production of insulin which does not perform its function. It in turn leads to a situation referred to as insulin resistance. The patients will suffer from low levels of insulin which functions as   a component  for the regulation of body sugar (Feinglos, 2008). The number of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is normal or somewhat reduced. It is mostly characterized by hyperglycemia that is associated with the insufficient or dysfunctional insulin present in the body (Thomas, 2013). Abnormal coagulation, hypertension and diabetic dyslipidemia are also commonly reported to signify the occurrence of type II diabetes mellitus. The increased number of obesity cases has seen the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II in teenagers and young adults (Feinglos, 2008). In cases when the patient is not obese, there is a presence of high fat distribution in the body (Feinglos, 2008). People suffering from Type II diabetes mellitus, unlike type I diabetes, do not need regular injections of insulin (Thomas, 2013). The management of type II diabetes involves the control of the increased levels of blood sugar. It is, however, important to note that the reduction of the sugar levels should not surpass the normal blood sugar levels. Because most of the patients are overweight, exercise, a proper balanced diet and reduction of weight is fundamental in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (Feinglos, 2008). Pioglitazone                  Pioglitazone is a drug belonging to a class of thiazolidinediones and is used in the management and of type II diabetes mellitus (Schatz, 2000). Since the body is unable to control the increasing levels of sugar in the blood, pioglitazone is used to increase the sensitivity to insulin (Feinglos, 2008). The drug, however, does not cure the diabetes mellitus but only helps the body in maintaining  normal  blood sugar levels. It is an oral formulation and can be taken twice daily with or without taking meals (Schatz, 2000). It is able to achieve this by inhibiting the hepatic gluconeogenesis process and also increase peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake which implies that there is a minimal occurrence of increased blood sugar levels (Feinglos, 2008). It effects can be seen in the short term and also in the long-term (Schatz, 2000). The use of pioglitazone can be done according to the doctor’s prescription. It also important to inform the docto r before stopping the use or if any complications arise while using pioglitazone.The development of pioglitazone is based on the discovery of gene SOCS3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3) (Schatz, 2000). The elevation of the gene causes interferon resistance that in turn causes insulin resistance in the liver. Depletion of this gene has been made possible by pioglitazone which results in the reduced insulin resistance in the liver although it may cause systemic insulin resistance (Schatz, 2000). The suppression of gene SOCS3 by pioglitazone gives it the antiglycemic and ant diabetic property hence it has bee used in the management of the two cases. References Thomas, M. (2013).  Understanding type 2 diabetes: Fewer highs fewer lows better health. Wollombi, N.S.W: Exisle Publishing. Feinglos, M. N., & Bethel, M. A. (2008).  Type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evidence-based approach to practical management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. Schatz, H. (2000).  Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice. Heidelberg: Barth Source document

P1 the Functions of the Main Cell Components of the Body Cell

In this report i will be writing brief description on the functions of the main cell components of the body cell. The cell membrane : is something that lets some things in and some things out of the cell. It is an outer cover for the cell. If the cell membrane was non existences the cell would spill all over the place. Its function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping other substances out. It is composed of a thin, double-layered sheet of lipids, around the Cell and is a protective membrane layer around every Cell.Nucleus [pic] The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains genetic material such as DNA and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. The nucleus also controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins in the cytoplasm. it also involved in cell division and stores all the information that is to be transferred to the next generation Cytoplasm cytoplasm is a homogeneous, which generall y clear jelly-like material that fills cells . The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and the cellular organelles , except the nucleus. The cytoplasm offers support for the cell.It allows the cells organelles to freely move throughout the cell. Movement is sped up in the fluid of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm can also act as a medium for transport within the cell. Mitochondria: [pic] The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell it provides energy to the cell through respiration. The food that we eat is broken into simpler molecules like carbohydrates, fats and etc in our bodies. These are sent to the mitochondrion where they are further precessed to produce charged molecules that combine with oxygen and produce Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) molecules.This entire process is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria also helps in the building of certain parts of the blood, and hormones like testosterone and estrogen. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum :[pic] The smooth ER is a s ystem of internal membrane inside the cell which move proteins and other substance through the cell. Smooth ER has its purpose in the cell. It acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of steroids. It also stores ions in solution that the cell may need at a later time.Steroids are a type of ringed organic molecule used for many purposes in an organism. They are not always about building muscle mass like a weight lifter. The ion storage is important because sometimes a cell needs ions fast. It might not want to search the environment for ions, so it is easier to have them stored in a pack for easy use. Rough ER – looks rough on the surface because it is stubbed with very small organelles called ribosomes. Ribosomes are made of RNA and protein and are the site of protein synthesis. They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosomes builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus[pic] The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.Lysosome [pic] Lysosomes are single, membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes. The digestive enzymes break down all the major classes of macromolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids. Throughout a cell's lifetime, the lysosomal enzymes digest old organelles to make room for newly formed organelles. The lysosomes allow cells to continually renew themselves and prevent the accumulation of cellular toxins.

Education Vision Essay

I believe that all students should be held to the same standards of education. While there should always be accommodations for an individual student’s strengths, weaknesses and learning style, there should also be a universal set of criteria by which a student’s progress is measured. While those standards may sometimes seem exacting to the students expected to meet them, they are far less demanding than what is required of today’s workers in an economy where competition has become global. An innovative and creative spirit has become in the last twenty years something that is generally expected of everyone rather than something only expected of the exceptional, a solid foundation in the basic elements of education, math and reading have become ever-more vital to succeeding in the modern world. Where education is concerned, I have found that creativity and innovation can oftentimes be fostered by the experience of overcoming challenges and, thereby, attaining a justified belief in one’s own abilities. A student who is taught to take pride in their work and, especially, to take pride is turning a failure into a success is someone likely to succeed in a world where competition is fierce and belief in one’s self is the most advantageous thing. Where the application of standards are concerned, I believe that any leader in an educational setting must be held to high standards just as are the students. By holding myself accountable to the highest standards, I gain the legitimacy to expect the same of my students and the ability to inspire them to do more than they may have thought possible. The position of a leader is one that is at least partially earned by gaining credibility in the eyes of those whom I am charged to lead. This can best be accomplished by setting an example; by continually challenging myself with new ideas and new situations while at the same time having the conviction to stand by those practices that have proven effective over time. Having worked as a teacher and a teacher’s assistant in various settings for the past five years, I have learned that both students and educators must never loose touch with their essential humanity and that empathy must always accompany high expectations. When a student knows that their teachers understand the hardships they face but still expect them to perform at a level of excellence, the student can be assured that they are not being driven unreasonably but are only expected to perform at the level their teachers know that student can achieve. Where sympathy and lowered expectations are really forms of condescension, empathy and high expectations communicate to a student that their instructor has not only high hopes for their student, but also a sincere and justified respect for their student’s potential. I have always felt a visceral connection and genuine responsibility for the successes and failures of my students. I hope to always be there to help my students experience the satisfaction of success and of overcoming failure.

Anything that relate to Macroeconomic Research Proposal

Anything that relate to Macroeconomic - Research Proposal Example It is observed that illegal Mexican immigrants are less likely to become US citizens. Mexico’s close proximity to the US and noticeable difference in the living standards or life quality between the two countries are the major reasons amplifying the rate of Mexican migration flow to the US. For many Mexican immigrants, just finding a job is the main goal of their migration to US. Statistical data indicate that the rate of illegal migration from communities all throughout Mexico to the US significantly increased during the 1980s. Undoubtedly, illegal immigration has notable effects on the US social system also. This paper will analyze whether or not the illegal Mexican immigration would benefit the US economy. History of Illegal Mexican Immigration The history of illegal Mexican immigration can be dated back to the mid-19th century. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo led to the end of Mexican-American War in 1848 and this treaty reduced the size of Mexico by 45% because Mexico was forced to surrender the land known today as California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah to the United States. Following the war, Americans had to recruit many workers to build a railroad and to enhance other infrastructure development activities. For this, Americans brought roughly 55,000 migrant workers to former Mexican territories during the period 1850-1880. American leaders were happy to welcome Mexican immigrants because those immigrant workers were willing to work under harsh conditions even though they were paid substandard wages. The immigration flow to the US particularly increased from 1910 with the Mexican revolution. During this period, nearly 50,000 Mexican people migrated to the US every year in order to find a job. American leaders welcomed Mexican immigrants with open arms until they realized that the employment difficulties caused was the result of the increased Mexican immigration. In response to the public protests, the US government forcibly deported almost 2 million Mexican immigrants, including native-born Americans, to Mexico in 1929. During the time of the World War II, United States was badly in need of labors and hence the country again encouraged Mexican immigration. Based on the Bracero Program mutually agreed by US and Mexican officials, Mexican workers again migrated to the US until 1964. Since then the US government and corporations has been indirectly encouraging Mexican immigration flow so as to meet their labor needs at cheap costs. As many authors point out, there is an unspoken agreement between illegal Mexican immigrants, the US government, and corporations. Statistics of Illegal Mexican Immigrants According to the American Community Survey, 11,478,000 foreign born Mexican immigrants were residing in the US as of 2009 (as cited in border relations, n. d.). Mexican immigrants constituted 29.8% of all immigrant populations in US in the same year. As Valdes (2012) reported in CNN July 13, report published by the Pew Hispanic Cente r indicates that over 58% of the identified illegal immigrants in the US are Mexicans. Surveys also report that Mexican illegal immigrants mainly reside in states including California, Texas, Florida, and New York. It is observed that the Illegal Mexican population tends to concentrate in a different set of occupations as compared to other illegal population. However, nearly 1.4 million Mexicans including documented and undocumented immigrants moved

Competition Law in the European Union and the United Kingdom Essay - 10

Competition Law in the European Union and the United Kingdom - Essay Example Kingdom laws that relate to the infringement of competition laws by some of the world’s biggest oil companies including BP Plc, Statoil ASA, and Royal Dutch Shell. More emphasis is conferred upon the relevant facts and legal principles regarding competition law. Â  The Competition law was formulated with the intention of safeguarding consumer and state interests from unfair business practices by firms in Great Britain. (Prosser; 2005) This was necessitated by the threat posed by unscrupulous collusions aimed at maximizing market shares and revenues by individual firms that may lead to boated price levels or supply of inferior quality goods and services. For instance, an increase in the price of crude oil by your company will directly lead to increased costs of production, transport, energy and consumer products and services in order to cater for additional overhead costs. Â  The United Kingdom had its maiden law against unfair Competition in 1998.It was subjected to further adjustments later on in Enterprise Act of 2002 to incorporate new ideas and discard contentious clauses. The formation of the European Commission, the present-day European Union, which sought to cater for interests of member countries also made immense contributions to the ongoing protective policy changes among member states. Under its social and economic pillar, it fashioned the Competition law which later on gained prominence becoming part of The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Â  Britain joined the European Union and consequently adopted the statute on Competition which as stated above was applicable to all the member states. This combined with the Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002 governs the conduct of businesses within the United Kingdom. The articles 101 and 102 provide the policy guidelines for the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union whereas chapters I and II outline the provisions of the Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002.

Business Law, Minor Essay 1000 words Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Law, Minor 1000 words - Essay Example The essential characteristics of a federal constitution is the supremacy of a written constitution. A natural corollary of a written constitution, is its rigidity. It ensures the authority of courts, appointment of governors and the parliament's power to legislate in matters of national interest. It may, however be clearly understood that the nature of federalism is more of a historical background based on a nation's necessity .The Australian federal system has generally worked satisfactorily even though it had undergone substantial changes in the years following its establishment. The debate today Is about its future .There is a general consensus that the Australian federal system does not work as well as it should, keeping in view the commercial operations, management and administrative environment. The question for the commonwealth and the state government is not only to enhance its performance and reputation but also to secure a better future, independent of the monarchy ."Austra lia is already a republic by any reasonable test- a state in which sovereignty is derived from the people. The one element in the constitution not consistent with a republic is the crown."( Turnbull m,1993). It is a system of government where the power comes from the people and all offices are accountable to the masses . The genre of contemporary political leaders also wish to see their country transforming into a republic as also said by the labor party candidate - Kevin Rudd. The implications of the republic debate is subtle but important. It implicates that Australia would legally be independent of Britain, which many believe is still a far fetched theory. Even Mr. Rudd has turned his boats back and has now decided that a referendum on a republic would not occur in the first term of a Labor government. Hence, " the theory of republicanism is on comatose and on life support" ( The Australian,2007). The legal issues involved in the process is full of complexes, to be achieved instantaneously .It starts with the Australian constitution itself . Section 1 of the Constitution states that the Legislative power of the Commonwealth is vested in a Federal Parliament which consists of "the Queen, a Senate and a House of Representatives ". ( Pylee 2006 , p.147) Section 2 goes on to provide that the Queen's representative shall be a Governor-General who holds office "during her pleasure" . Also sections 58 & 59 confers extraordinary power over Australian affairs to the Queen. The above sections being only a few declaring the real power of the monarchy

Visual art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Visual art - Essay Example However, it is also evident that Spanish cinema has an increasingly international appeal with added creativity and dynamism than at any time in its history. Results released by the Spanish film board shows that Spanish films have grossed more than $143 million in 2013despite funding cuts that have been a result of austerity measures (Dennison 16). This is the best performance ever by the industry, which can be attributed, among other things, to the conscious attempts by the industry to appeal to a global audience base. Some of the best films I have watched in the last year include â€Å"The Impossible† that I believe is the best local Spanish film of all time, which earned an Oscar nomination. â€Å"I Want you† by Fernando Molina and â€Å"Tad, the Lost Explorer† were also local hits that gained international recognition in this period. These films also grossed $50 million, $15 million, and  million locally, while making double the amount globally, indicating a renaissance for the Spanish film industry (Dennison 34). This year has also begun brightly with â€Å"Mama† produced by Guillermo Toro and starring Jessica Chastain, which was also successful in the US, beginning its run in at the top of the box office. However, it is also important to note that these successful films began production over four years ago; mostly because of a decline in government, funding that was widely criticized in the Spanish media. The last year and half have been the most successful for the Spanish film industry according to the Spanish media, especially due to its simultaneous international and local appeal. For example, the four nominees at the GOYA awards this year for best picture, â€Å"Unit 7†, â€Å"The Artist and the Model†, â€Å"The Impossible†, and â€Å"Blancanieves†, were especially appealing to local audience as they tackled the theme of crisis, which has been emblematic of Spain in the last five years (Dennison 34). However, my interest in the Spanish

The qualitative and quantitative research paradigms and its underlying Essay

The qualitative and quantitative research paradigms and its underlying principles - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that epistemology has its origin from Greek and refers to knowledge. Therefore, the term epistemology is the acquired knowledge or explanation of how people come to know about the existence of something. The epistemology knowledge can be acquired through first hand experience or through theoretical study. According to Trochim, epistemology defines and explains how people come to know the reality of life. In general epistemology try to explain some of the following concept; the relationship between the knowledge and the individual who have acquired it, the manner in which the knowledge has been acquired, what is the meaning of the term knowledge to various individuals, and the general explanation of the important of the acquired knowledge to the knowledgeable and the entire society. On the other hand, the term ontology refers to the understanding and explanation of real life situation while the term paradigm is the entire belief systems that help people and researchers in doing their daily activities. It defines a set of practices and activities that are normal and valid in any situation. Therefore, proper understanding of the knowledge under study and the available research methods are the pillars of coming up with the best and practical research method which can bring about the desired outcome. In scientific research various methods are applied on various different scenarios. The paper below is based on explaining and analyzing the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms and its underlying principles as well as addressing the issue of different epistemological, ontological and methodological worldviews underpinning each of the two perspectives. The paper will also address the ethical considerations relating to research in tourism. Coll (2000, p 90) observed that, paradigm explains the experiment and practical means of acquiring knowledge, beliefs, and ideology on how an activity should be done. It is the mann er in which people acquire the knowledge and understanding of different perspectives. The object being studied should be researched and thoroughly analyzed to get the in depth knowledge and understanding of the subject (Coll 2000, p 91). The knowledge of the paradigm are acquired and approved through observation and analysis of the available ideas and facts. The individuals expected to acquire the paradigm beliefs and ideologies must practice the knowledge acquired to gain consistency and first hand experience. Therefore, knowledge is acquired through the meaning attached to a certain event. Researchers have to come to touch with the subject under study to acquire data necessary in the analysis process. The process to coming into touch with the object under study or the scenario under investigation to collect data is what is referred to as scientific research The interaction with the subject under investigation enhances changes in knowledge to both the researcher and the subject (Co ll, 2000, p. 91). Therefore, the knowledge and understanding of the epistemology differences between the various research paradigm among the research conducted on tourist is pure philosophical but not methodological. Denzin (2002, p. 102) stated that, the researcher theoretical knowledge plays a very crucial role in deciding the method to be used in a research. This is because of the implanted beliefs systems and ideologies about the subject under study. Hence, the researchers in the tourism study were guided by their initial knowledge about the tourism sector. The knowledge which guides the decision on the method can be acquired either through literature review or physical observation of a phenomenon. Therefore, the ontological assumption is squarely responsible for determination of the methodology to be applied in a research. In the study on tourism, the researchers have used the qualitative a

US taxes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US taxes - Essay Example Ruane William reported that income tax is excluded for foreign income that is less than $ 95, 100 but in mid-December 2011, a minimum tax was imposed on foreign currencies that these companies earn from all the outsourced jobs and other operations (18). Tax increase on wealthy U.S citizens is intended to create a cash reserve for creating jobs for millions of unemployed American youths. This concept will prevent another recession that hit the U.S. in 2010 where a large number of citizens especially in the middle class lost their jobs, unemployment rose drastically and small businesses folded. In the past, the wealthy citizens paid less that 28% of their total earnings as tax while the middle class paid more tax. Job creation using tax reforms will improve the economy of the U.S and that of each household. American companies that outsource their jobs and operations to foreign countries because of cheap labor will be forced to create jobs in the U.S because they will incur losses because of reduced tax on foreign money that they earn. Americans require companies that outsource jobs to foreign countries to create jobs in the U.S and improve both income and working

Mcdonalds Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Mcdonalds - Scholarship Essay Example Values decide what is important in life. Norms are like unwritten laws that decide people's behaviour in different situations. Institutions are the structures while Artifacts are the materialistic forms based on values and norms. Ans. Multiculturalism is coming together of diverse cultures and thus impacting each other. Possible advantage is that the diversity provides a healthy environment for a nation or society's growth. The disadvantage is that it takes away the nation or society's identity and in turn the unity as well. Ans. Organizational culture is based on values and norms that define the goals of the organization and behaviour of people with each other. Being a closed group of people can be a constraint that forces the evolution of this culture and interactions of the people within and outside give it a shape. Ans. The cross-cultural manager may face challenges in understanding the differences in culture, find gaps in communication and confusions can be created among the employees due to inherent differences. Ans. For maximizing the benefits on group dynamics, people's communication with each other, their body language and verbal communication has to be very positive. This calls for understanding interpersonal skills. Ans. ... 7. General Communication: The importance of understanding interpersonal skills for group dynamics. Ans. For maximizing the benefits on group dynamics, people's communication with each other, their body language and verbal communication has to be very positive. This calls for understanding interpersonal skills. 8. General Communication: Does information equal communication Information is only a part of communication and can never equal communication. Communication is always a two-way thing whereas information is impersonal and one way. 9. General Communication: What does assertive interpersonal communication mean Ans. It is a behaviour that indicates authority, competence, authenticity in an honest and direct but non-aggressive way that makes the others feel equal but still have regard for the person concerned. 10. Conflict Management Skills - Should interpersonal conflicts be always avoided Ans. No, they need to be addressed if they can have a long lasting impact and may concern vital fields. When they concern trivial matters, then they may be avoided. 11. Perception Skills: Are the meanings of interpersonal communication always in words Ans. No, the body language, facial expressions, eye contact and many other non-verbal forms form an integral part of interpersonal communications. 12. Perception Skills: The importance of non-verbal communication. Ans. Non-verbal communication preceeds verbal communication as one first sees the body language and facial expression of a person before he speaks. A negative non verbal communication can negate a positive verbal communication. So, it's role is vital. 13. Perception Skills: What are the barriers to accurate perception and how perception can be improved Ans. Preconceived ideas and beliefs